分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
白眼鮫目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); obscurus: Latin for dark, probably referring to its darkish blue-gray body color. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 400 m (Ref. 244), usually 200 - 400 m. 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 46°S, 120°W - 156°E (Ref. 55186)
Western Atlantic: southern Massachusetts to Florida (USA), Georges Bank, Bahamas, Cuba, northern Gulf of Mexico, Nicaragua, southern Brazil and Uruguay (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Senegal, Sierra Leone. Some records from the Mediterranean and Madeira may be based on Carcharhinus galapagensis. Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea (Ref. 5485), Mozambique and South Africa to Japan, China, Viet Nam and Australia. Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Island. Highly migratory species.
西大西洋: 南麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達 (美國) ，新英格蘭喬治亞淺灘，巴哈馬，古巴，墨西哥灣北部，尼加拉瓜與巴西南部。 東大西洋: 加納利群島，塞內加爾的維德角，獅子山。 一些來自地中海的紀錄，而且馬得拉群島可能是以 直翅真鯊〔Carcharhinus galapagensis〕 為依據。 印度-西太平洋: 紅海 (參考文獻 5485) ，莫三比克與南非至日本，中國，越南與澳洲。 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到加州灣與雷維拉吉哥多島。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 249.5, range 220 - 300 cm
Max length : 420 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5578); common length : 250 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26999); 最大体重: 346.5 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 40 年 (Ref. 31395)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. A large shark with a broadly rounded snout, triangular saw-edged upper teeth, curved moderate-sized pectoral fins, and an interdorsal ridge (Ref. 5578). Blue-grey, lead-grey above, white below; tips of pectoral and pelvic fins, as well as lower lobe of caudal fin and dorsal fins often dusky in young, plain in adults (Ref. 9997).
一大的鲨鱼有一个宽圆形的吻，三角形的边缘锯状的上颚齿，弯曲的中等大小的胸鳍 , 与一个间背脊.(参考文献 5578) 蓝灰色，上面铅灰色，和腹面白色的; 胸鳍顶端与腹鳍, 以及尾鳍与背鳍的低叶时常暗色的当幼鱼时, 成鱼时没有花纹.(参考文献 9997)
Found in coastal and offshore waters but not oceanic (Ref. 5578). Adults are commonly found at depths of 200-400 m, young in shallower waters (Ref. 5485). A seasonal migratory species over parts of its range (Ref. 6871). Common component of the catch of the shark longline fishery (Ref.58048). Feeds on bottom and pelagic bony fish, sharks, skates, rays, cephalopods, gastropods, crustaceans, sometimes mammalian carrion and inorganic objects (Ref. 5578). Viviparous (Ref. 50449); with litter size number from 3-14 (Ref. 27549). Large adults are potentially dangerous (Ref. 4716, 6871). Utilized fresh, dried-salted, frozen and smoked for human consumption; hides for leather; fins for sharks-fin soup; and liver oil extracted for vitamins (Ref. 244).
发现于沿岸与离岸水域了但是不是大洋性.(参考文献 5578) 成鱼是发现于通常的深度 200-400 公尺, 幼鱼在较水浅的水域.(参考文献 5485) 在它的分布范围的部份上的一个季节性的回游种.(参考文献 6871) 吃底部与大洋性硬骨鱼，鲨鱼， 鱼，鳍条，头足类动物，腹足动物，甲壳动物, 有时哺乳动物的腐肉与无机的目标.(参考文献 5578) 胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 大的成鱼可能危险。 (参考文献 4716,6871) 生鲜使用, 被冻结而且烟熏供人类消费的乾燥盐腌; 皮用做皮革; 鳍用于鱼翅汤; 而且肝油吸取了用于维他命.(参考文献 244)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta, litter size 3-14 pups (Ref. 244); 70-100 cm at birth (Ref. 6871). Gestation period of ~ 16 months (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 南麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達 (美國) ，新英格蘭喬治亞淺灘，巴哈馬，古巴，墨西哥灣北部，尼加拉瓜與巴西南部。 東大西洋: 加納利群島，塞內加爾的維德角，獅子山。 一些來自地中海的紀錄，而且馬得拉群島可能是以 直翅真鯊〔Carcharhinus galapagensis〕 為依據。 印度-西太平洋: 紅海 (參考文獻 5485) ，莫三比克與南非至日本，中國，越南與澳洲。 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到加州灣與雷維拉吉哥多島。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.7 - 18.6, mean 12.6 °C (based on 736 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00428 - 0.01346), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (rm=0.02; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref.
36717)).
Prior r = 0.09, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.13, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 2.25 [0.42, 12.59] mg/100g; Iron = 0.295 [0.071, 0.898] mg/100g; Protein = 23 [20, 25] %; Omega3 = 0.163 [0.056, 0.425] g/100g; Selenium = 21.7 [6.3, 69.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.1 [6.3, 93.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.398 [0.189, 0.797] mg/100g (wet weight);
