分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks)
鼠鯊目 (Mackerel sharks) >
Lamnidae (Mackerel sharks or white shark)
鼠鯊科 (Mackerel sharks or white shark)
Etymology: Isurus: isos (Gr.), equal; oura (Gr.), tail, referring to caudal-fin lobes of I. oxyrinchus being equal in length (except that they are not; the upper is clearly longer). (See ETYFish); paucus: Latin for scarce, referring to its relative rarity compared with I. oxyrinchus. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1752 m (Ref. 106604). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 38°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 43278)
Western Atlantic: Gulf Stream and Florida, USA; also Cuba. Reported from southern Brazil (Ref. 13574). Eastern Atlantic: Guinea, Ghana. Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar. Pacific Ocean: Taiwan, near Phoenix Island, and north of Hawaii (Ref. 13574).
西大西洋: 墨西哥灣流與美國的佛羅里達; 也古巴。 記錄來自巴西南部了。 (參考文獻 13574) 東大西洋: 幾內亞，迦納。 西印度洋: 馬達加斯加。 太平洋: 台灣, 在鳳凰島的附近, 與夏威夷北方.(參考文獻 13574)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 216.5, range 205 - 228 cm
Max length : 427 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 106604); 417.0 cm TL (female); common length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 0. Pectoral fins about as long as head or longer, relatively broad-tipped in young and adults; snout usually narrowly to bluntly pointed, usually not acute; cusps of upper and lower anterior teeth straighter, with tips not reversed (Ref. 43278). Caudal fin lunate, with a very long lower lobe (Ref. 13574). Dark blue above, white below, with dusky markings on underside of snout, around mouth (Ref. 6581).
胸鰭大約與頭部一樣長或比較長的, 頂端相當寬當幼魚與成魚時; 吻通常狹窄地到頓尖的, 通常不是尖銳; 上、下前齒的尖頭比較直的, 藉由不被顛倒的頂端.(參考文獻 43278) 尾鰭新月狀的, 具有一個非常長的下葉.(參考文獻 13574) 背面深藍色的﹐腹面白色的, 在吻部下面上有暗淡的斑紋, 嘴的周圍.(參考文獻 6581)
Oceanic species that probably approaches land to give birth (Ref. 13574, 58302). Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). Presumably feeds on schooling fishes and pelagic cephalopods (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 50449). With 2 pups in a litter (Ref. 247). Potentially dangerous because of its large size and big teeth (Ref. 13574). Utilized fresh, frozen, and dried or salted for human consumption (Ref. 247); meat (lower quality), fins (high value in adults), jaws (highly prized), skin and cartilage (Ref.58048).
可能接近土地生產的大洋性魚種.(參考文獻 13574,58302) 表層帶.(參考文獻 58302) 推測為捕食群游性魚與大洋性的頭足類動物。 (參考文獻 247) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃產生於母親的卵黃囊與其他的卵.(參考文獻 50449) 有兩個幼胎一胎。 (參考文獻 247) 可能危險由於它的巨大的體型與大的齒.(參考文獻 13574) 生鮮使用，冷凍與乾燥或鹽醃供人類消費.(參考文獻 247)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). With litters of 2-8 pups (Ref. 247, Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Born at 97-120 cm TL (Ref.58048).西大西洋: 墨西哥灣流與美國的佛羅里達; 也古巴。 記錄來自巴西南部了。 (參考文獻 13574) 東大西洋: 幾內亞，迦納。 西印度洋: 馬達加斯加。 太平洋: 台灣, 在鳳凰島的附近, 與夏威夷北方.(參考文獻 13574)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 05 November 2018
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.9 - 26.1, mean 18 °C (based on 1232 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7813 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00405 - 0.02151), b=3.04 (2.84 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.65 [1.91, 34.35] mg/100g; Iron = 0.692 [0.170, 2.038] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [18.2, 22.8] %; Omega3 = 0.407 [0.162, 0.985] g/100g; Selenium = 41.2 [12.8, 118.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.83 [2.21, 22.76] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.328 [0.165, 0.612] mg/100g (wet weight);
