Epinephelus howlandi, Blacksaddle grouper : fisheries, aquarium

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Epinephelus howlandi (Günther, 1873)

Blacksaddle grouper
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Epinephelus howlandi   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus howlandi (Blacksaddle grouper)
Epinephelus howlandi
Picture by Randall, J.E.

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 37 m (Ref. 86942). 熱帶; 28°N - 34°S, 115°E - 174°W (Ref. 5222)

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands south to Lord Howe Island and east to Howland Island and Samoa. Often misidentified as Epinephelus macrospilos or Epinephelus corallicola.
西太平洋: 琉球群島南至羅得豪島而且東至豪蘭群島與美屬薩摩亞。 時常被誤鑑成 大斑石斑魚〔Epinephelus macrospilos〕 黑駁石斑魚〔Epinephelus corallicola〕

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?, range 24 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48635)

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 15-17; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale grey or brownish grey, covered with small brownish black spots with diffuse edges, separated from adjacent spots by spaces equal to or greater than width of the spots; body with black saddle blotch , smaller black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle; dusky margins of the soft dorsal, caudal and anal fins, with white line along edge; median and pelvic fins with dark spots; dusky pectoral fins with few dark spots basally; body depth contained 2.9-3.3 times in SL; HL 2.2-2.5 times in SL; flat interorbital area, convex dorsal head profile; rounded preopercle, slightly enlarged serrae at angle; maxilla reaches past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-4 rows of teeth on the midlateral part of lower jaw; pyloric caeca 13 (Ref. 89707).
头部轮廓平滑中凸; 斑点众多的而且间隔很密的超过在相同的大小的 E. corallicola 中.(参考文献 37816)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Usually found over rocky areas or on coral reefs. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans (shrimps and crab) with occasional molluscs or worms (Ref. 89707). Nothing has been published on its biology. Appears to be very rare and therefore of little commercial importance. In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).

通常发现于岩石区或在珊瑚礁上之上。 尚未有任何文献报告在它的生物学特性。 似乎非常稀有的因此小的商业重要性。 在香港活鱼贩售。 (参考文献 27253)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

西太平洋: 琉球群島南至羅得豪島而且東至豪蘭群島與美屬薩摩亞。 時常被誤鑑成 大斑石斑魚〔Epinephelus macrospilos〕 黑駁石斑魚〔Epinephelus corallicola〕

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的





人类利用

渔业: 自给性渔业; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋

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特别资料

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网络资源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 核实 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因组, 核苷酸 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 树状分类阶层 | Wikipedia: 转至, 搜寻 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 动物学的记录

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 28.9, mean 27.5 °C (based on 268 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00790 - 0.01748), b=3.04 (2.93 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.64 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 27.1 [13.3, 57.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.468 [0.256, 0.969] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.117 [0.074, 0.184] g/100g; Selenium = 31.2 [18.6, 55.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 189 [53, 677] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.26 [0.87, 1.77] mg/100g (wet weight);