分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).
Issue
References and information for Hawaii are retained (including common names). All other references from different study areas are questionable or refer to another species of Sphyraena.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 10 - 104 m (Ref. 58302). 亞熱帶的; 23°N - 18°N, 161°W - 154°W (Ref. 123366)
Eastern Pacific: Hawaii endemic.
印度洋: 東非與瑪斯科林島.(參考文獻 9768) 太平洋: 北至日本南部, 南至珊瑚海, 而且東至法屬玻里尼西亞; 也從夏威夷群島。 常見於太平洋的大洋性島嶼。 (參考文獻 9768) 精確的範圍用 Sphyraena acutipinnis 與 Sphyraena novaehollandiae 是不確定的由於這種的混淆。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 54.6 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 123366); 最大体重: 1.8 kg (Ref. 4887)
背棘 (总数): 6; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. This species is distinguished by the following set of characters: first gill arch with one gill raker; pelvic-fin insertion is located slightly before vertical through first dorsal-fin origin; pored lateral-line scales 121-127, total lateral-line scales 132-134; scales above lateral line 12-13 and below 14-15; snout comparatively long, its length 15.0-16.4% SL; upper jaw long, the posterior tip reaching to or beyond anterior nostril, but not reaching to below posterior nostril, its length 11.9-12.9% SL; eye large, orbit diameter 4.8-5.9 % SL and depth 4.8-5.6% SL; anal-fin base somewhat short, its length 6.8-7.5% SL; last dorsal- and anal-fin ray lengths 4.2-4.3% SL and 3.6-4.7% SL, respectively; anus is comparatively close to anal-fin origin, its anterior and posterior margins to anal-fin origin 6.5-8.2 % HL and 4.1-4.9% HL, respectively; the head sensory canal pores on suborbital area are simple or sometimes slightly branched, their lowermost parts very close to lacrimal bone margin, large smooth area lacking canal pores absent on mid-margin of lacrimal bone. Colouration: lateral surface of body no stripes or bands; caudal fin gray (Ref. 123366).
身体有的颜色侧边上的二条鲜黄色的斑纹; 尾鳍微暗的。
Mainly nocturnal (Ref. 4887).
栖息于珊瑚礁或海湾。 (参考文献 9768) 在大群鱼群中通常白天出现。 (参考文献 9768) 主要夜行.(参考文献 4887) 也用定置网捕获。 (参考文献 9768)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度洋: 東非與瑪斯科林島.(參考文獻 9768) 太平洋: 北至日本南部, 南至珊瑚海, 而且東至法屬玻里尼西亞; 也從夏威夷群島。 常見於太平洋的大洋性島嶼。 (參考文獻 9768) 精確的範圍用 Sphyraena acutipinnis 與 Sphyraena novaehollandiae 是不確定的由於這種的混淆。
Morishita, S. and H. Motomura, 2020. Sphyraena stellata, a new barracuda from the Indo-Pacific, with redescriptions of S. helleri Jenkins, 1901 and S. novaehollandiae Günther, 1860 (Perciformes: Sphyraenidae). Zootaxa 4772(3):545-566. (Ref. 123366)
人类利用
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 28.8, mean 27.5 °C (based on 566 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00339 - 0.01546), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.3 [4.7, 30.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.285 [0.122, 0.637] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [18.9, 22.6] %; Omega3 = 0.141 [0.060, 0.310] g/100g; Selenium = 17.5 [6.8, 45.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.3 [5.9, 164.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.303 [0.180, 0.533] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Sphyraena helleri (Heller\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sphel_u0.jpg "Image of Sphyraena helleri (Heller\")