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Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders) >
Elopidae (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Regan.
Environment: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; zoet water; brak water pelagic-neritic; anadroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 1 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). Tropical; 41°N - 40°S, 92°E - 138°W
Indo-Pacific: from the Andaman Sea in the Eastern Indian Ocean to Western Australia and in the Pacific, from southern Japan to New South Wales and New Caledonia; throughout most of Oceania to the Hawaiian Is., Society Is., and Tuamotus (Ref. 86689). Currently treated as a single species, but this status should be considered provisional. Further studies may reveal a complex of closely related species, as in the case of Albula.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 44894); common length : 50.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 10983); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 10.1 kg (Ref. 6736)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 23 - 27; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 14 - 18. A gular plate present between arms of lower jaw. Branchiostegal rays numerous, approximately 20-25. All fins without spines. Scales very small, approximately 100 in lateral line.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
A coastal fish, commonly entering lagoon, bays, and estuaries (including fishponds) (Ref. 2847, 58302), particularly around mangroves (Ref. 44894). Sometimes enters freshwater streams, but does not penetrate very far inland (Ref. 2847). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Younger fish often penetrate the lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 44894). An active swimmer, commonly traveling in schools in open water. Feeds on various fishes and crustaceans. Little detailed knowledge exists of its biology. Has a leptocephalus larva. Spawning takes place offshore and young larvae are found in the open sea, moving close to shore as they develop. Juveniles commonly found in salt marshes, canals, and tidal streams. Marketed fresh or frozen; in some places ground up as fish meal. A good sport fish on light tackle, striking a variety of artificial lures as well as live shrimp or baitfish. No separate statistics available. (Ref. 10983).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Smith, D.G., 1997. Elopidae. Ladyfishes, tenpounders. p. 1619-1620. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10983)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2710 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00258 - 0.01345), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 77.5 [47.6, 137.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.11 [0.70, 1.81] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [14.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.162 [0.090, 0.301] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [26.7, 100.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.3 [7.4, 44.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.994 [0.727, 1.368] mg/100g (wet weight);
