分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) >
Pseudocarchariidae (Crocodile sharks)
Etymology: Pseudocarcharias: pseudo-, from pseudes (Gr.), false, proposed as a subgenus of Carcharias (Odontaspididae). (See ETYFish); kamoharai: In honor of ichthyologist Toshiji Kamohara (1901-1972), Kochi University, who secured type at a fish market and presented it to Matsubara. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 590 m (Ref. 6871), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54740). 亚热带的; 40°N - 40°S, 180°W - 180°E
Tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans.
所有海洋的热带与亚热带水域;(参考文献 6871) 除了东印度洋与西大西洋以外记录自所有的海洋了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 91.6, range 89 - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 43278); 122.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 13569)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. A medium-sized spindle-shaped shark with very large eyes lacking a nictitating membrane, long gill slits extending onto dorsal surface of head, lanceolate teeth, weak keel and precaudal pits on caudal peduncle (Ref. 6871, 43278). Small and low dorsal fins, with second dorsal fin less than half the size of the first but larger than the anal fin (Ref. 6871). Pectoral fin broad and rounded (Ref. 6871). Light or dark grey above, paler below, fins white-edged, sometimes with small white spots on body and a white blotch between mouth and gill slits (Ref. 13569).
一中等大小的纺锤形的鲨鱼有非常大的眼没有延伸到头部背面，矛尖形的齿，弱的龙骨脊与尾前小窝的瞬膜 , 长的鳃缝在尾梗上.(参考文献 6871,43278) 小而低的背鳍, 与第二背鳍鳍少于第一个的一半的大小但是大于臀鳍.(参考文献 6871) 胸鳍宽的而且圆的.(参考文献 6871) 淡灰色或深灰色的上方, 腹面灰白的, 鳍边缘白色的, 有时有身上的小白斑与一个白色的斑块在嘴巴与鳃缝之间.(参考文献 13569)
An oceanic species usually found offshore and far from land but sometimes occurring inshore (Ref. 9993, 43278, 58302). Epi- and mesopelagic, with occasional near-bottom occurrences (Ref. 43278, 58302). Although considered not dangerous to people, its powerful jaws, jaw muscles and teeth invite respect. Flesh not appreciated and therefore the catch is usually discarded (Ref. 247); utilized for its large, squalene-rich liver (Ref. 9993). Feeds on small pelagic bony fishes, squids and shrimps (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 50449). With 4 young in a litter, born at 40 to 43 cm TL (Ref. 12288). Maximum length for female given in Romanove et.al 1994 (Ref. 44781). Common bycatch of tuna longline fisheries, and occasionally tuna gillnet fisheries (Ref.58048).
一个大洋性的种通常发现于外海而且远离土地但是有时出现于沿海地区。 虽然被认为不对人类有危险性，它的有力颚, 颌肌肉与齿邀请敬意。 肉不欣赏因此捕捉通常是丢弃的;(参考文献 247) 利用了它的大, 丰富的鲨烯肝脏.(参考文献 9993) 吃小型大洋性鱼类硬骨鱼类，乌贼与虾。 (参考文献 5578) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃产生于母亲的卵黄囊与其他的卵.(参考文献 50449) 有四个幼鱼在 40 到 43 公分TL 出生的一胎.(参考文献 12288)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). With 4 young in a litter, born at 40-43 cm (Ref. 11228).所有海洋的热带与亚热带水域;(参考文献 6871) 除了东印度洋与西大西洋以外记录自所有的海洋了。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.3 - 28.2, mean 24.9 °C (based on 3402 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (tm=5.1; K=0.14; tmax=13; Fec=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
