分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 2 - ? m (Ref. 35942). 熱帶; 37°N - 41°S, 17°E - 109°W
Indo-Pacific: Antitropical; Red Sea, South Africa, western and eastern Australia, Lord Howe and Rapa islands, southern Japan and Ryukyu Islands. Records for countries in the tropical zone needs further confirmation.
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到日本 (參考文獻 559) ，澳洲 , 與馬可薩斯島與拉帕群島.(參考文獻 1602)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 36.0, range 34 - 38 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大體重: 1.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 11-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12; 脊椎骨: 16. This species is distinguished by the following characters: terminal mouth is almost in an oblique angle; presence of scales in the interorbital region; D XI,11-12 rays; A III,10-12; gill rakers externally on first arch 4-7 + 13-17; pectoral fin is relatively short, 13.6-21.3 %SL); anal-fin base relatively long (18.1-24.8 %SL; lateral line scales 61-76, with pores 51-60; longitudinal scales 54-67; cheek scales 9-16; vertebrae 10 + 16; low number of pterygiophores, dorsal 20-21 and anal 12. Colour of body variable brownish to silvery with dusky unpaired fins when fresh; soft parts of the dorsal and anal fins appear dusky and have black or darker edges; dark edges on dorsal, anal and caudal fins appear pronounced in more adult individuals, but may also vary from habitat to habitat; cheek and area below eye usually with a white or silvery streak (Ref. 95491).
偶然全身黃色, 與很少有白化的個體出現.(參考文獻 37816)
Found around exposed seaward reefs of isolated high islands such as the northernmost Mariana and Bonin Is. Feeds on Sargassum and Turbinaria algae. Valued as a food fish, but not in Hawaii (Ref. 3921).
發現於孤立且高聳的島嶼裸露的臨海礁石周圍了例如最北方的馬里亞納群島與博寧島吃 馬尾藻 與 Turbinaria 藻類。 可作為一個食用魚了, 但是不在夏威夷.(參考文獻 3921)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 101771).印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到日本 (參考文獻 559) ，澳洲 , 與馬可薩斯島與拉帕群島.(參考文獻 1602)
Knudsen, S.W. and K.D. Clements, 2013. Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Zootaxa 3751(1):001-101. (Ref. 95491)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.2, mean 28.1 °C (based on 3109 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00847 - 0.03251), b=2.98 (2.80 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.2 [15.7, 62.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.512 [0.296, 0.884] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.0724 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 38.6 [18.7, 82.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.9 [6.6, 137.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.84, 1.86] mg/100g (wet weight);
