Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 61°N - 28°N, 163°E - 114°W
Eastern Pacific: from Russia to Agattu Island, north to Nunivak Island, Alaska, then South to Mexico, Baja California, Mexico.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 31.0, range 30 - 32 cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 6885); 57.0 cm TL (female); common length : 33.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 56527); peso máx. publicado: 1.5 kg (Ref. 56527); idade máx. registrada: 22 anos (Ref. 55701)
Espinhos dorsais (total): 0; Raios dorsais (total): 72-92; Espinhos anais 0; Raios anais : 45 - 70; Vértebras: 41 - 44. Dorsal origin above middle of upper eye. Pectorals inclined to be pointed.
Adults inhabit sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Young occur in intertidal areas. Feed on small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and small mollusks (Ref. 6885). Spawning adults make extensive migrations (Ref. 6885).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.4 - 8.3, mean 5.6 °C (based on 245 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00358 - 0.00924), b=3.03 (2.89 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tm=3; tmax=22; K=0.24; Fec=150,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.1 [13.5, 59.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.269 [0.135, 0.520] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [14.5, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.365 [0.180, 0.751] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [10.8, 42.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.24 [1.95, 35.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.428 [0.290, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
