分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders)
鰈科 (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Hippoglossoides: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue + Suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 3000 m (Ref. 58426), usually 90 - 250 m (Ref. 6263). 溫帶; 80°N - 41°N, 72°W - 55°E
Western Atlantic: southern Labrador in Canada and western Greenland to Rhode Island in USA; Eastern Atlantic: off eastern Greenland and from the English Channel to the coast of Murmansk (Ref. 7251). Two subspecies were recognized, H. p. platessoides from northwestern Atlantic, and H. p. limandoides from the northeastern Atlantic (Ref. 51668).
東大西洋: 外海的格陵蘭東部與莫曼斯克的從英倫海峽到海岸。 西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大與格陵蘭到羅德島州西部的拉布拉多南部.(參考文獻 7251) 二個亞種被辨認出, H. p。 來自西北大西洋的 platessoides, 與 H. p。 limandoides 從東北方的大西洋.(參考文獻 51668)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 35.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 82.6 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 58426); 最大體重: 6.4 kg (Ref. 7251); 最大年齡: 30 年 (Ref. 6263)
Slender body and a large mouth. Dorsal fin starts above left eye. Lateral line almost straight. Rough scales (Ref. 35388).
細長的身體與一個大的嘴。 背鰭開始上方左邊的眼。 幾乎筆直地的側線。 鱗片粗糙的.(參考文獻 35388)
Adults are most abundant from 90 m to 250 m deep and bottom temperatures of -0.5 to 2.5°C (Ref. 6263). Live on soft bottoms (Ref. 9988, 58426). Feed on invertebrates and small fishes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51486). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
成魚從 90 公尺到 250 公尺深是最豐富的而且底部溫度 -0.5 到 2.5 °C.(參考文獻 6263) 生活在軟質底部上。 (參考文獻 9988,58426) 捕食無脊椎動物與小魚。 分批產卵者.(參考文獻 51486) 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍; 清蒸, 油炸, 微波.而且燒烤..(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 外海的格陵蘭東部與莫曼斯克的從英倫海峽到海岸。 西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大與格陵蘭到羅德島州西部的拉布拉多南部.(參考文獻 7251) 二個亞種被辨認出, H. p。 來自西北大西洋的 platessoides, 與 H. p。 limandoides 從東北方的大西洋.(參考文獻 51668)
Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau, 1998. Monophyly and intrarelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification. Fish. Bull. 96(4):686-726. (Ref. 30193)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 12 February 2021
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 10.3, mean 5.6 °C (based on 824 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00554 - 0.00753), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 13.1 (8.8 - 14.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (rm=0.43; K=0.06-0.12; tm=2-11; tmax=30; Fec=50,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.2 [7.5, 32.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.214 [0.105, 0.410] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.7, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.407 [0.194, 0.867] g/100g; Selenium = 31.2 [15.1, 68.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.07 [1.81, 36.72] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.336 [0.224, 0.512] mg/100g (wet weight);
