Trachurus symmetricus, Pacific jack mackerel : fisheries, gamefish

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Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855)

Pacific jack mackerel
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Trachurus symmetricus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Trachurus symmetricus (Pacific jack mackerel)
Trachurus symmetricus
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分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Carangiformes (Jacks) 鱸形目 (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) 鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335);  symmetricus: From symmetricus which means regularly formed - referring to the rough tail (Ref. 6885).
More on author: Ayres.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 400 m. 亞熱帶的; 65°N - 13°N

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: southeastern Alaska to southern Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California; reported from Acapulco in Mexico and the Galapagos Islands.
東太平洋: 阿拉斯加州東南方到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部與加州灣; 在墨西哥與加拉巴哥群島記錄自亞嘉普科了。

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - 31 cm
Max length : 81.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 55.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9283); 最大年齡: 30 年 (Ref. 766)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 8 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 28-38; 臀棘 1-2; 臀鰭軟條: 22 - 33; 脊椎骨: 23 - 25. Small specimens may have an additional forward-directed spine at first dorsal origin (embedded in larger specimens).
小的標本在第一背鰭起源可能有一根附加的朝向前的棘。 (插入較大的標本)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults are often found offshore, up to 500 miles from the coast (Ref. 9283). They form large schools (Ref. 2850). Young frequently occur in school near kelp and under piers (Ref. 2850). They feed mainly on small crustaceans and fish larvae (Ref. 9283). Large individuals often move inshore and north in the summer (Ref. 2850). Marketed fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).

距離海岸達到 500 哩處, 時常發現於外海。 (參考文獻 9283) 形成大群魚群。 (參考文獻 2850) 幼魚時常出現在在海藻附近的魚群與在碼頭下面.(參考文獻 2850) 主要吃小型甲殼動物與仔魚。 (參考文獻 9283) 大的個體時常向海岸移動與向北夏天時.(參考文獻 2850) 在市場上銷售生鮮、煙燻、罐裝及冷凍; 油炸後食用, 火烤了而且燒烤了。 (參考文獻 9988)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

東太平洋: 阿拉斯加州東南方到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部與加州灣; 在墨西哥與加拉巴哥群島記錄自亞嘉普科了。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | 合作者

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 April 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO - 漁業: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋

更多資訊

俗名
同種異名
新陳代謝
捕食者
生態毒物學
繁殖
成熟度
產卵場
產卵群集
孕卵數

卵發育
參考文獻
養殖
養殖資訊
品種
遺傳學
Electrophoreses
遺傳率
疾病
加工
Nutrients
Mass conversion
合作者
照片
Stamps, Coins Misc.
聲音
神經毒
速度
泳型
鰓區
Otoliths
腦重體重比
眼睛色素

工具

特別的報告

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網路資源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 漁業: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因組, 核甘 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OceanAdapt | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: , 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7 - 16.2, mean 9.2 °C (based on 50 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00587 - 0.01627), b=2.96 (2.82 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.09-0.21;tm=2-3; tmax=30; Fec<50,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 256 [162, 427] mg/100g; Iron = 4.83 [2.91, 8.14] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [19.0, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.337 [0.227, 0.527] g/100g; Selenium = 34.8 [19.9, 61.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.65 [1.75, 28.82] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.51 [1.11, 2.16] mg/100g (wet weight);