分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Eleginus: Greek, eleginos, -ou = a fish of the Nile (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非产卵性溯降河的; 深度上下限 0 - 300 m (Ref. 50550). 極; 75°N - 30°N, 124°E - 123°W (Ref. 54430)
Arctic to North Pacific: Chemulpo in North Korea (Yellow Sea) in the southwest to Sitka, Alaska in the southeast. Beyond the Bering Strait from Cape Lisburne in Chukchi Sea and east to Dease Strait (south coast of Victoria Island). Precise delimitation of the range depends on additional taxonomic study.
北太平洋: 在北韓 (黃海) 在西南到 Sitka 的 Chemulpo, 在東南中的阿拉斯加州。 超過來自岬 Lisburne 的白令海峽在楚克其人海洋而且東至 Dease 海峽 (維多利亞島的南部海岸). 範圍的精確定界線仰賴附加的分類研究。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 30.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 1.3 kg (Ref. 56527); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 56527)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 44-59; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 39 - 47; 脊椎骨: 57 - 64. Distinguished by the presence of 3 dorsal and 2 anal fins, a lower jaw that is shorter than the upper, a chin barbel that is no longer than half the eye diameter, and a space between the second and third dorsal fins that is equal to or longer than the eye diameter (Ref. 27547). Lateral line curved in front, ending under the second dorsal fin (Ref. 27547); head with no lateral line pores (Ref. 1371). Expanded parapophyses swollen and hollow, beginning on about the vertebral centrum 9 or 10, containing outpouchings of the swim bladder (Ref. 1371). Second pelvic ray produced; caudal truncate or slightly emarginate (Ref. 27547). Grayish brown above, upper part of sides paler, sometimes with a silvery-violet shading, often mottled with indistinct darker blotches; lower sides and belly yellowish to silver white; fins dusky, dorsal and caudal with white edges (Ref. 27547).
区别的特徵为那有 3 背部的与 2个臀鳍, 一个下颌，那是短于上面者, 一个下巴触须超过一半的眼直径，那是不再，而且一个间隔的空间第二个与第三个背鳍，那是等于或长度超过眼直径.(参考文献 27547) 侧线在前面中弯曲了, 在第二个背鳍下面结束;(参考文献 27547) 头部有没有侧线孔.(参考文献 1371) 扩大了椎体横突肿大与空的, 起点在大约椎骨的椎体 9 或 10, 包含泳鳔的外囊.(参考文献 1371) 第二个腹鳍鳍条生产; 尾部的截形或边缘微凹.(参考文献 27547) 浅灰褐色的上方 , 侧边灰白的上半部,有时有一个银色-紫罗兰色阴影, 时常具有不明显的较黑的斑块色斑; 下侧与腹面淡黄色的到银白色的; 鳍暗色的, 背鳍与尾鳍有白色的边缘.(参考文献 27547)
Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 1371). Enters rivers and may go considerable distances upstream, but usually remaining within regions of tidal influence (Ref. 1371, 27547). Adults exhibit seasonal movements: inshore during winter for purposes of spawning and offshore during summer for feeding (Ref. 1371). Juveniles and adults are opportunistic epibenthic feeders; juveniles feed on fish and small benthic crustaceans (Ref. 1371). Taxonomic problems to be solved.
出现于沿岸浅水区。 (参考文献 1371) 进入河而且可能向上游去相当多的距离, 但是通常在潮汐影响力的区域里面保持.(参考文献 1371,27547) 成鱼展现季节性的运动: 沿海地区在冬天期间对于产卵的目的与外海夏天时对于进食.(参考文献 1371) 稚鱼与成鱼是随机的浅海底栖捕食者; 稚鱼吃鱼与小型底栖的甲壳动物。 (参考文献 1371) 分类的问题被解决。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawns 5-7 times in its life, or even 9-10 times for those living 10-14 years. Fecundity varies with geographical region. It decreases from east to west in the European Arctic and from south to north in western Pacific waters. Throughout its distribution area, spawning occurs during January-February in coastal zones of bays and inlets on sand-gravel substrate and in strong tidal currents.北太平洋: 在北韓 (黃海) 在西南到 Sitka 的 Chemulpo, 在東南中的阿拉斯加州。 超過來自岬 Lisburne 的白令海峽在楚克其人海洋而且東至 Dease 海峽 (維多利亞島的南部海岸). 範圍的精確定界線仰賴附加的分類研究。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.5 - 5.9, mean 0.9 °C (based on 952 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00539 - 0.00705), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.5 (4.4 - 6.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-3; Fec=4,900).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.8 [12.2, 62.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.45 [0.22, 0.95] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [16.0, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.377 [0.185, 0.804] g/100g; Selenium = 13.8 [5.4, 30.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [2.9, 81.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.411 [0.263, 0.636] mg/100g (wet weight);
