Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien benthopelagisch; standvastig; diepte 16 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 90 - 700 m (Ref. 1371). Subtropical; 59°N - 24°N, 81°W - 42°W (Ref. 1371)
Northwest Atlantic: Newfoundland, Canada to the northern end of the Straits of Florida, USA. A species reported from the northeastern Atlantic (Ref. 6321) should be reexamined. Report of specimen from the Azores and records from the Gulf of Mexico and West Indies (Ref. 6322) probably refer to other species.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 1371); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 11 Jaren (Ref. 40732)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 2; Anale stekels 0. Snout pointed; naked area on snout confined to median-ventral strip, otherwise head surfaces completely scaled. Spinules on scales slender, conical to lanceolate, arranged in convergent rows. Color when fresh gray with violet hue on trunk and lower jaw; silvery reflections on gill cover, parts of the suborbital, and trunk and tail below the lateral line; pelvic fins and membrane between spinous dorsal ray and first segmented ray black; pectoral and median fins otherwise dusky; oral and branchial cavities mostly black.
Benthic, reported as deep as 2295m (Ref. 58426). Taken much shallower in areas with cold surface waters. Feeds primarily on euphausiids, amphipods, and polychaetes, although a 200 mm individual had many copepods in its stomach (Ref. 1371).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
Meer informatie
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaElectrophoresesErfelijkheidZiektesVerwerkingNutrientsMassaconversie
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 7.8, mean 3.7 °C (based on 335 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00111 - 0.00431), b=3.20 (3.03 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.28).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 58.8 [29.7, 119.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.901 [0.502, 1.679] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [15.1, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.242 [0.119, 0.442] g/100g; Selenium = 51.5 [22.0, 114.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.5 [6.9, 98.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.791 [0.535, 1.171] mg/100g (wet weight);
