分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Prosopium: Greek, prosopon = face (Ref. 45335); cylindraceum: cylindraceum meaning like a cylinder (Ref. 1998).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 4 - 72 m (Ref. 1998), usually ? - 37 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 2°C - 18°C (Ref. 1998); 72°N - 41°N, 103°E - 56°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: Arctic and Pacific drainages from western Hudson Bay in Canada to Alaska and northern British Columbia, Canada; Arctic and Atlantic drainages from Quebec and Ontario in Canada to Connecticut in USA; St. Lawrence-Great Lakes basin in Canada-USA (except Lake Erie). Northern Asia: widely distributed in Siberian rivers (Ref. 26334).
北美洲: 在加拿大到阿拉斯加州與加拿大卑詩省北部的來自哈得遜灣西部的北極圈與太平洋的流域; 在加拿大到肯乃迪克州的來自拉布拉多的北極圈與大西洋的流域, 美國而且在加拿大-美國向西經過聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區流域.(除了伊利湖以外) 北方亞洲: 廣泛分佈於西伯利亞河。 (參考文獻 26334)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 30.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 59.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 28.6 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 2.7 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 16 年 (Ref. 28860)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 11-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 13. Body slender, elongate, almost cylindrical in cross section, posteriorly somewhat compressed laterally, greatest depth in front of the dorsal fin. Head relatively short; eye moderate, its diameter less than snout length; snout pointed, "pinched" or compressed laterally, rounded in lateral view, a single flap of skin present between the nostrils; mouth small, ventral in position, overhung by snout; maxillaries extending posteriorly almost to anterior margin or eye in adults. This species has more color than most coregonids. Overall coloration of adults almost silvery, silvery white below. Scales specially on back, with well-defined, dark pigmented borders, making them conspicuous. Pectoral fins are amber in color, slight amber tint also to pelvic and anal fins. Pectoral fins take on an orange tint during spawning, the pelvic and anal fins also to a lesser extent. the adipose fin is usually brown spotted, particularly in specimens from central and eastern Canada. Two or more longitudinal rows of black spots are present on the sides of young specimen.
身体细长的, 延长, 几乎圆筒形的横切面, 在后部地略微扁长形的侧面地, 在背鳍之前的最大高度。 头部相当短的; 眼中等的, 它的直径少于吻的长度; 吻尖的," 掐 " 或者扁长形的侧面地, 圆形的在侧面中，一个皮盖在鼻孔之间呈现; 嘴小的, 腹面位置, 吻悬在上面; 向后延伸的上颌骨几乎到前缘或眼当成鱼时。 这种有的颜色比大多数的 coregonids 多。 整体颜色成鱼几乎银色的, 下面银白色的。 鳞片特别地背面, 具有很清晰, 深色的边缘, 使他们显着。 胸鳍是琥珀色的颜色, 淡琥珀色的色彩也对腹鳍与臀鳍。 胸鳍在产卵的时候承担橘色的色彩, 腹鳍与臀鳍也对较少的范围。 脂鳍通常是有褐色斑点的, 特别地在来自加拿大中部与东部的标本中。 二或更多纵列的黑色斑点出现在幼小的标本侧边上。
Inhabits shallow areas of lakes and clear streams and rarely enters brackish water (Ref. 5723, 86798). Also in rivers with swift current and stony bottom. Migration is limited to movements associated with spawning (Ref. 27547). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and occasionally on fishes (Ref. 1998) and fish eggs (Ref. 593). One specimen taken from a depth of 218.9 m in eastern Lake Superior, off Grand Marais, Michigan (Ref. 1998).
栖息于湖与清澈溪流的水浅区域, 很少地进入半淡咸水。 (参考文献 5723) 也在河中以湍急的水流与多石底部。 迁移被仅限于产卵的被伴随着的运动。 (参考文献 27547) 吃底栖的无脊椎动物与偶然地在鱼 (参考文献 1998) 与鱼卵上.(参考文献 593) 一件标本在东方的秀克必李耳湖中取自了深度 218.9 公尺, 外海的 Grand Marais ，密西根州.(参考文献 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
There are inshore and upstream movements (Ref. 28863) that may be related to spawning (Ref. 27547). Swims in pairs during spawning (Ref. 28858). Also Ref. 28803.北美洲: 在加拿大到阿拉斯加州與加拿大卑詩省北部的來自哈得遜灣西部的北極圈與太平洋的流域; 在加拿大到肯乃迪克州的來自拉布拉多的北極圈與大西洋的流域, 美國而且在加拿大-美國向西經過聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區流域.(除了伊利湖以外) 北方亞洲: 廣泛分佈於西伯利亞河。 (參考文獻 26334)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00324 - 0.00851), b=3.23 (3.09 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.4 (3.4 - 9.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=5-7; tmax=16; Fec=1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
