分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gmelin.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243). 極; 71°N - 44°N, 5°W - 133°W
Arctic Ocean basin, from Finland (lapland) to eastern Siberia, Alaska, and Canada eastward to Mackenzie drainage. Belongs to Coregonus clupeaformis complex (Ref. 27547).
北極圈: 瑞典與西伯利亞芬蘭到極端東北, 在白令海流域的西方部分中, 與部分在鄂霍次克海的流域。 在碧佛，楚克其語與白令海的支流中的阿拉斯加州.(參考文獻 5723) 在波蘭與阿爾卑斯山脈的附加族群.(參考文獻 683) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 屬於 Coregonus clupeaformis 複合體。 (參考文獻 27547)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 32.8 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 14 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 11-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 14; 脊椎骨: 58 - 63. Distinguished by the gill rakers that are longer than 20% of the interorbital width, 19 to 25 gill rakers (with modal counts of 22 or 23), and a pronounced hump behind the head in adults (Ref. 27547). Adipose fin well developed, often larger in males; axillary process present in pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to midnight blue above fading to silver on sides and wide beneath; no parr marks in young (Ref. 27547).
区别的特徵为鳃耙那是长度超过 20% 的眼间骨宽度， 19 到 25个鳃耙 (具有型计数 22 或者 23) 与一个明显的隆起在头部后面当成鱼时.(参考文献 27547) 脂鳍发展良好的, 时常比较大的在雄性中; 腋窝的突起出现在腹鳍。 (参考文献 27547) 深褐色的对褪成的暗蓝色上方在侧边上银色的与宽的之下; 当幼鱼时的没有幼鲑横带.(参考文献 27547)
Inhabits coastal waters near shore (Ref. 5723), lower reaches of rivers with slow current, large lakes with tributaries, floodplain lakes, deltas and estuaries, brackish waters (Ref. 59043). Migrates up to more than 1,200 km inland for spawning (Ref. 5723). Overwinters near river mouths (Ref. 5723). There are non-migratory freshwater populations. Adults feed mostly on mollusks, crustaceans and chironomid larvae (Ref. 28219).
栖息于沿岸水域近岸。 (参考文献 5723) 在内陆向上回游到超过 1,200 公里进行产卵.(参考文献 5723) 在河口的附近过冬。 (参考文献 5723) 有非回游性的淡水族群。 成鱼大部分吃软件动物，甲壳动物与宝刀鱼仔鱼。 (参考文献 28219)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Upstream spawning migrations may be extensive but some populations seldom venture far upstream and still others may never go to sea at all (Ref. 593). Mature adults migrate upstream as early as June to spawn in October. It is assumed that the young hatch in late winter and spring, subsequently moving downstream, to return as mature adults 4 to 6 years later (Ref. 27547).北極圈: 瑞典與西伯利亞芬蘭到極端東北, 在白令海流域的西方部分中, 與部分在鄂霍次克海的流域。 在碧佛，楚克其語與白令海的支流中的阿拉斯加州.(參考文獻 5723) 在波蘭與阿爾卑斯山脈的附加族群.(參考文獻 683) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 屬於 Coregonus clupeaformis 複合體。 (參考文獻 27547)
Kottelat, M., 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00331 - 0.00911), b=3.24 (3.10 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=3-14; tmax=14; Fec=8,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.6 [9.7, 36.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.418 [0.228, 0.771] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.6, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.619 [0.246, 1.731] g/100g; Selenium = 13.8 [5.7, 34.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.09 [1.42, 38.51] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.481 [0.357, 0.661] mg/100g (wet weight);
