分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 2 - 25 m (Ref. 55207), usually 2 - 6 m (Ref. 55207). 亞熱帶的; 39°N - 17°N, 100°W - 75°W (Ref. 55207)
Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay to southern Florida in the USA and the Gulf of Mexico. Records from South America doubtful (Ref. 7251).
西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣到美國的佛羅里達南部與墨西哥灣。 來自南美洲的紀錄可疑的.(參考文獻 7251)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 22.0, range 22 - 23 cm
Max length : 61.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6902); common length : 27.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6902); common length :39 cm WD (female); 最大体重: 4.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
Prominent triangular snout. Broadly rounded outer corners of disc. Upper surface brown or yellowish brown, paler toward margins of disc. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902). Few scapular spines. Middorsal row of spines present, but few on tail beyond pelvic fins (Ref. 7251).
突出的三角形的吻。 宽广地圆的体盘的外角。 上表皮褐色或土黄色又灰白的体盘边缘。 下表面白色.(参考文献 6902) 少的肩胛骨棘。 棘的背面中央列呈现, 但是很少的在腹鳍之外的尾部上.(参考文献 7251)
Adults inhabit coastal waters, including estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 12951) and ascend rivers (Ref. 12951). They feed on tube anemones, polychaete worms, small crustaceans, clams, and serpent stars (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Parturition occurs in July and August (Ref. 27549). Litters of 2-3 pups; gestation 4 months (Ref. 114953).
栖息于沿岸水域, 包括河口与泻湖。 (参考文献 12951) 上溯到河川.(参考文献 12951) 吃管卷曲异辐海葵，多毛类的蠕虫，小型甲壳动物，蛤与蛇海星。 (参考文献 12951) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣到美國的佛羅里達南部與墨西哥灣。 來自南美洲的紀錄可疑的.(參考文獻 7251)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 27, mean 25.5 °C (based on 272 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (K=0.26-0.31; Fec assumed <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.8 [2.1, 309.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.739 [0.068, 8.595] mg/100g; Protein = 22.3 [20.0, 24.4] %; Omega3 = 0.199 [0.062, 0.591] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [2.7, 68.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.9 [0.6, 69.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.726 [0.053, 8.530] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies. 
