Dipturus laevis, Barndoor skate : gamefish

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Dipturus laevis (Mitchill, 1818)

Barndoor skate
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Dipturus laevis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Dipturus laevis (Barndoor skate)
Dipturus laevis
Picture by Flescher, D.

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii 板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Dipturus: Greek, di = two + Greek, pteryx = fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 750 m (Ref. 55276), usually 0 - 150 m (Ref. 55276). 溫帶; 0°C - 20°C; 51°N - 33°N, 84°W - 42°W (Ref. 55276)

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Western Atlantic: Grand Bank and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to North Carolina, USA. Threatened with extinction by intensive trawling (Ref. 27438).
西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國北卡羅萊那州的大瀨灘與聖勞倫斯灣南部。 密集的拖網使它面臨滅絕的威脅.(參考文獻 27438)

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 163 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 114953); 最大体重: 18.0 kg (Ref. 7251)

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

Disk broad, with sharply angled corners and a pointed snout; front edges concave. No middorsal spines on disk. Tail with 3 rows of spine (1 middorsal row and 1 row on each side). Dorsal fins close together (Ref. 7251). Upper surface brownish, with many scattered small dark spots. Mucous pores on nuchal region. Lower surface white, blotched irregularly with gray (Ref. 6902).
圆盘宽的, 具有锐利的棱角与尖的吻; 前缘凹曲。 没有在圆盘上的背面中央的棘。 尾部有 3 列的棘。 (1 背面中央的列与 1 列在两边上) 背鳍靠拢在一起。 (参考文献 7251) 上表皮褐色的, 有许多分散的小深色的斑点。 在颈背的区域上的黏液孔。 下表面白色, 有不规则的灰色斑点.(参考文献 6902)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Occur from water's edge to 430 m depth; absent from shoal waters in south during warm months (Ref. 7251). Found in salinities that range from 35 along the continental edge to 31.5 inshore along the open coast and as low as 21-24 (Ref. 6902). Live on all kinds of bottom (Ref. 205). Benthic (Ref. 5951). Feed on bivalve mollusks, squids, rock crabs, lobsters, shrimps, worms and fishes. Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited during summer (with 6-month development) in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205, Ref. 114953). Egg capsules are 7.1-13.2 cm long and 4.6-7.4 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Males reaches maturity at ca. 100 cm TL, females at 96-105 cm TL; hatch size at 18-19 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Little use is made of the small quantities that are caught. In some cases, they are made into fish meal.

出现自对 430 公尺深的水的边缘; 在温暖的个月期间在南方中浅的水域没有出现。 (参考文献 7251) 发现于盐度范围了从 35 沿着大陆边缘到 ,31.5个沿海地区沿着开放的海岸与更低到 21-24.(参考文献 6902) 生活在各种的底部上。 捕食双壳贝软件动物，乌贼，岩石螃蟹，龙虾，虾，蠕虫与鱼。 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 7.1-13.2 公分长与 4.6-7.4 公分宽的.(参考文献 41250) 小的使用是用小量做成的那是捕捉。 在一些情况，他们被制成鱼粉。

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國北卡羅萊那州的大瀨灘與聖勞倫斯灣南部。 密集的拖網使它面臨滅絕的威脅.(參考文獻 27438)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : McEachran, John | 合作者

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 June 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的





人类利用

渔业: 没有兴趣; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 0.9 - 13.9, mean 7.3 °C (based on 497 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00132 - 0.00363), b=3.22 (3.08 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 4.1 [0.6, 75.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.259 [0.025, 3.160] mg/100g; Protein = 15.8 [13.7, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.68 [0.28, 1.65] g/100g; Selenium = 19 [4, 97] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.44 [0.42, 65.10] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.287 [0.020, 3.199] mg/100g (wet weight);