分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Notopteridae (Featherbacks or knifefishes)
弓背魚科 (Featherbacks or knifefishes) > Notopterinae
Etymology: Chitala: Bangladesh local name; chitala: From rivers of Bengal & Behar..
More on author: Hamilton.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19. 熱帶; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060)
Asia: Indus, Ganges-Brahmaputra and Mahanadi river basins in India. No valid records from Irrawaddy, Salween or other river basins of Myanmar. Reports of Chitala chitala from Thailand and Indo-China were based on Chitala ornata and those from Malaysia and Indonesia on Chitala lopis.
亞洲: 印度河, 恒河-在印度的雅魯藏布江與馬哈維里河流域。 沒有有效紀錄從依洛瓦底江, 薩爾溫江或緬甸的其他河流域。 來自泰國與印度支那的 Chitala chitala 的報告在 Chitala lopis 上是以來自馬來西亞與印尼的 Chitala ornata 與那些為依據。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 75.5 range ? - 91 cm
Max length : 122 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4832); common length : 75.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2686)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 9; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 117 - 127. The only species in which subadults and adults have a series of transverse gold or silver bars on the dorsum, but this color feature is not always present (Ref. 7431). Differs from C. ornata in never having ocellated spots and from C. blanci and C. lopis in never having a black spot on the pectoral fin base (Ref. 7431).
唯一的種在那一個亞成魚與成魚有一個在背面上的成列金色或銀色的橫紋，但是這一個彩色特徵是不常存在的.(參考文獻 7431) 在從不有眼狀的斑點方面有別於 C. ornata 與從 C. blanci 與 C. lopis 在從不在胸鰭基底上有一個黑色的斑點方面.(參考文獻 7431) 在身體側邊上幼魚有 13 到 15條深色的寬斜的交叉橫帶。 在他們的基底匯合在一起的腹鰭。 臀鰭與尾鰭續接在一起。 (參考文獻 4792)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit freshwater rivers, lakes, beels, nullahs in the plains (Ref. 41236), reservoirs, canals and ponds (Ref. 1479). Feed on aquatic insects, mollusks, shrimps and small fishes (Ref. 1479). Females lay eggs usually on stake or stump of wood, males fan them with tail, keep them aerated and silt-free, guard them against small catfish and other predators; complete give-away to fishermen; females not observed at egg posts; moderately important food fish (Ref. 2686). Spawn once a year during May to August (Ref. 6459).
棲息於淡水的河，湖， beels ，平原的水道 (參考文獻 41236) ，水庫，管與池塘。 (參考文獻 1479) 吃水生昆蟲，軟體動物，蝦與小魚。 (參考文獻 1479) 通常產卵在木樁或者樹木的殘枝上面,雄魚搧他們尾部, 使他們被暴露於空氣中，而且無淤泥,保衛他們抵抗小的鯰魚與其他的掠食者; 完成對漁夫的贈品; 母魚在抱卵後沒有被觀察到; 一般重要的食用魚.(參考文獻 2686) 每年一次在五月到八月的時候產卵。 (參考文獻 6459)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
The male tends the clutch (Ref. 2060).亞洲: 印度河, 恒河-在印度的雅魯藏布江與馬哈維里河流域。 沒有有效紀錄從依洛瓦底江, 薩爾溫江或緬甸的其他河流域。 來自泰國與印度支那的 Chitala chitala 的報告在 Chitala lopis 上是以來自馬來西亞與印尼的 Chitala ornata 與那些為依據。
Roberts, T.R., 1992. Systematic revision of the old world freshwater fish family Notopteridae. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(4):361-383. (Ref. 7431)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5166 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00522 - 0.03035), b=3.05 (2.83 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 72.1 [24.2, 211.9] mg/100g; Iron = 1.51 [0.55, 3.74] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [15.7, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.358 [0.132, 0.991] g/100g; Selenium = 104 [32, 279] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.1 [3.8, 70.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.686 [0.386, 1.490] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
