Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino demersal; rango de profundidad 2 - 400 m (Ref. 4430), usually ? - 70 m (Ref. 27000). Deep-water; 48°N - 18°S, 19°W - 38°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay and throughout the Mediterranean to Angola. Most common in tropical waters.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 13417); 41.0 cm TL (female); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 13417); common length :39 cm TL (female)
Found on soft bottoms, usually inshore but occasionally deeper. Feeds on small fishes and also benthic invertebrates. Ovoviviparous, with 3-21 in a litter (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Size at birth 9 cm (Ref. 12951). Capable of inflicting a severe shock of up to 200 volts.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 126983)
Human uses
Pesquerías: sin interés; Acuario: Acuarios públicos
Más información
ReferenciasAcuiculturaPerfil de acuiculturaRazasGenéticaFrecuencias de alelosheritabilidadEnfermedadesProcesamientoNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 20.9, mean 15.6 °C (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01155 - 0.01983), b=2.95 (2.87 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.24 [1.57, 48.04] mg/100g; Iron = 0.362 [0.085, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [12.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.419 [0.157, 0.972] g/100g; Selenium = 9.34 [2.94, 27.66] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [4, 94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.311 [0.151, 0.581] mg/100g (wet weight);