分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 650 m (Ref. 6144), usually 20 - 50 m. 溫帶; 73°N - 20°N, 99°W - 32°E (Ref. 1371)
Eastern Atlantic: from Norway, Greenland and Iceland south to British Isles and northern Bay of Biscay, including the North Sea and the southern Baltic Sea (70°N to 20°N). Western Atlantic: from Greenland to northern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 125219). Reported from Estonia (Ref. 33247).
西北大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部到紐芬蘭, 格陵蘭西部。 東北大西洋: 歐洲的海岸與英國人使從巴倫支海到比斯開灣北部成為島嶼。 在茅利塔尼亞的 Blanc 岬的一個地點。 記錄來自愛沙尼亞了。 (參考文獻 33247)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 25.0, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0. One barbel on chin, one on tip of snout, and one at each of the anterior nostril. First dorsal fin ray very elongate, followed by a row of small, fleshy filaments. Color varies from dusky to pale.
在下巴上的一个触须, 一在吻尖上, 与他在每一个前鼻孔。 第一背鳍鳍条非常长的, 跟随着一列小又肉质的丝状突起。 颜色改变从暗色的到灰白的。
Sedentary bottom dwellers on muddy sand between patches of hard substrate, or on the soft, smooth ground of deep sinks on the continental slopes of both sides of the North Atlantic. Feed on flatfishes, amphipods, decapods, copepods, mysids, shrimps, isopods and other small crustaceans. Spawn in the Baltic Sea (Ref. 35388). Mixed with soups and other products hot-smoked (Ref. 1371).
在硬底部的区块之间的泥泞沙子上的定栖的底部居民, 在北大西洋的两边的大陆斜坡上或在深洗涤槽的软又平滑地面上。 吃比目鱼，片脚类动物，十足类动物，桡脚类的动物，糠虾，虾，等足目动物与其他的小型甲壳动物。 混和着汤与其他的产品了热烟熏的.(参考文献 1371) 产卵在波罗的海。 (参考文献 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawning has been recorded in waters less than 140 m deep. Fecundity ranges from 5,000 - 45,000.西北大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部到紐芬蘭, 格陵蘭西部。 東北大西洋: 歐洲的海岸與英國人使從巴倫支海到比斯開灣北部成為島嶼。 在茅利塔尼亞的 Blanc 岬的一個地點。 記錄來自愛沙尼亞了。 (參考文獻 33247)
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.1 - 13.8, mean 10 °C (based on 715 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00242 - 0.00685), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20-0.25; tm=3; tmax=9; Fec=5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (6 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.2 [18.6, 84.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.329 [0.174, 0.696] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.4, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.42 [0.22, 0.77] g/100g; Selenium = 20.1 [10.3, 42.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.6 [3.2, 52.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.564 [0.390, 0.882] mg/100g (wet weight);
