分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Gymnocranius: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kranion = skull (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 15 - 50 m (Ref. 2295). 熱帶; 35°N - 28°S, 105°E - 170°W
Western Pacific: including southern Japan, South China Sea, Australia, Coral Sea, New Caledonia, and Tonga. Recently reported from Norfolk Island (Ref. 8881).
西太平洋: 包括日本南部，南中國海，澳洲，珊瑚海，新加勒多尼亞與東加。 最近記錄自諾福克島。 (參考文獻 8881)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 9-10; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10.
眼是相當大的, 它的下緣在相當上面距離一條線從吻尖到尾叉中央。 尾鰭是適度分叉而且具有鈍的頂端。 整體的色彩是銀白色到淺灰色的。 背部的鱗片與側邊有一個小的褐色基部的斑點。 突出的黑色斑塊是分散的主要在前半部的身體。 一條非常模糊的橫帶有時候有對頰部的下面邊緣的眼睛下面。 鰭有時是清澈的到淡紅的，尾鰭暗色的紅褐色的。 模糊的斑點可能是顯著的在背鰭、尾鰭與臀鰭上。
Occurs over sand and rubble areas adjacent to rock and coral reefs in lagoons and outer slopes (Ref. 9775, 90102). Feeds on bottom-dwelling gastropods. Also caught with bottom longlines and handlines (Ref. 9775). Marketed fresh.
生活在沙子與碎石區鄰近岩石與珊瑚礁之上。 吃底棲的腹足動物。 也用底部延繩釣與手執的釣絲捕獲。 (參考文獻 9775) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西太平洋: 包括日本南部，南中國海，澳洲，珊瑚海，新加勒多尼亞與東加。 最近記錄自諾福克島。 (參考文獻 8881)
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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俗名同種異名新陳代謝捕食者生態毒物學繁殖成熟度產卵場產卵群集孕卵數卵卵發育
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 28.9, mean 27.6 °C (based on 408 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01079 - 0.03365), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.4 [17.3, 63.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.479 [0.264, 0.793] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.074, 0.185] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [19.8, 56.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 75.8 [23.9, 221.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.78, 1.48] mg/100g (wet weight);
