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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Diplodus: Greek, diploos = twice + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 50 m (Ref. 12460), usually 0 - 50 m (Ref. 13780). Subtropical; 48°N - 36°S, 29°W - 42°E
Northeastern Atlantic from Brittany (France) to Gibraltar, and Madeira I.; Mediterranean Sea and southwestern Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397); common length : 22.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397); publicerad maxvikt: 1.9 kg (Ref. 40637); rapporterad maxålder: 10 år (Ref. 26328)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 11 - 12; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 12-15; Taggstrålar i analfenan 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 11 - 14. Body with 5 black and 4 grey vertical bands. Snout is longer than the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
Inhabits coastal rocky reef areas (Ref. 12460) and Posidonia oceanica beds. Like other sparids, it is very active and frequents the surf zone, primarily at dawn (Ref. 13780). Feeds on shellfish and other benthic invertebrates which it picks from the sediment (Ref. 5377).
Sexes separate or protandrous (Ref. 4781). In some areas, this species occurs as a digynic hermaphrodite, that is, males and females developing from intermediate juveniles (Ref. 52202). However, protandry with possible digyny was later confirmed (Ref. 103751). Reaches sexual maturity at 2 years, with an approximate size of 17 cm. Spawning happens from January to March. Egg size 0.8-0.9 mm; larval length at hatching 2.6 mm. Also Ref. 28504.
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15 - 24.1, mean 18.8 °C (based on 400 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01050 - 0.01315), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.11-0.25; tmax=10; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.82, Based on 5 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 74.5 [38.6, 152.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.993 [0.559, 1.844] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.20, 0.60] g/100g; Selenium = 20.9 [9.8, 39.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15 [5, 42] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.01 [0.69, 1.43] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
