分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
鯛科 (Porgies)
Etymology: Diplodus: Greek, diploos = twice + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 0 - 90 m (Ref. 4781). 亞熱帶的; 49°N - 27°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Canary islands, also found along the coast of Portugal northward to the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean, Black Sea and Sea of Azov (Ref. 4781).
東大西洋: 馬得拉群島與加納利群島。 也發現沿著葡萄牙的海岸向北至比斯開灣，地中海，黑海與亞速海.(參考文獻 4781)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 11.6, range 8 - 19.6 cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 124816); common length : 13.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 330.00 g (Ref. 115876); 最大年齡: 17 年 (Ref. 124518)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 11-13; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 12
Inhabit chiefly Zostera seagrass beds but also found on Posidonia beds and sandy bottoms, rarely on rocky bottoms. Carnivorous, feed on worms, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms and hydrozoans. The sexes are separated, although these fish are potential hermaphrodites; certain individuals are protandric (Ref. 4781).
主要地棲息於 Zostera 海草床但是也被發現於 Posidonia 床與砂質底部，很少在岩石底部上。 肉食性,吃蠕蟲，甲殼動物，軟體動物，棘皮動物與水螅蟲。 性別被分開,雖然這些魚是可能的雌雄同體; 特定的個體是雄性先熟的。 (參考文獻 4781)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Normally sexes are separate but some individuals are protandrous due to geographical variation in sexual pattern (Ref. 103751). However, histological studies confirm no degenerating functional tissue of one sex (e.g. vitellogenic or later-stage follicles) and no proliferation of tissue of the other sex can be found on this species indicating the absence of sex change. This particular condition is also known as nonfunctional hermaphroditism previously known as rudimentary hermaphroditism (Ref. 91314). Also Ref. 28504.東大西洋: 馬得拉群島與加納利群島。 也發現沿著葡萄牙的海岸向北至比斯開灣，地中海，黑海與亞速海.(參考文獻 4781)
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.8 - 21.1, mean 18.3 °C (based on 220 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01093 - 0.01323), b=3.07 (3.05 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.5 (2.4 - 6.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 18
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.5; tmax=7; Fecundity=18,000 - 212,000).
Prior r = 0.75, 95% CL = 0.50 - 1.13, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 83.2 [48.2, 160.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.984 [0.561, 1.738] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.427 [0.224, 0.818] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [11.6, 43.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [6.8, 55.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.72, 1.48] mg/100g (wet weight);
