Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي ناحیه ای از منطقه اقیانوسی با عمق بین 1000 تا 4000 متر. موجوداتی که در آبهای آزاد بین اعماق 1000 تا 4000 متر زندگی و تغذیه می کنند; تغييرات عمق 50 - 2500 m (Ref. 4774). Deep-water; 64°N - 51°S, 77°W - 174°W (Ref. 1371)
Eastern Atlantic: Iceland and Faeroes to Cape Bojador, West Africa, and including Azores, Madeira, and western Mediterranean. Also known from the Walvis and Vavilov ridges (Ref. 45011). Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783). Western Indian Ocean: in the region south of Madagascar. Pacific Ocean: temperate Australia, New Zealand, and between Valparaiso, Chile and the Juan Fernandez Islands.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ?, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9563); common length : 45.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9258)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 54-59; خارهاي باله مخرجي 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 18 - 21. Eyes relatively large, greater than snout length in diameter. Anal fin originating near midlength of body, deeply indented at midlength, sometimes appearing as two. Ventral light organ absent. Color is generally gray.
Recorded from the upper continental slope (Ref. 9563). Occasionally found at 50 m. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, mollusks and other invertebrates as well as food of terrestrial origin, including garbage. Probably a winter and early spring spawner (Ref . 4774). Minimum depth from Ref. 106682.
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.2 - 8.9, mean 5 °C (based on 1437 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00453 - 0.00802), b=3.15 (3.07 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Assuming tm>4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.7 [5.5, 46.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.283 [0.126, 0.817] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.5, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.184 [0.071, 0.470] g/100g; Selenium = 21.7 [7.4, 57.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18 [2, 134] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.439 [0.244, 0.868] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
