Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Pellonula: Latin, pellis = skin + Latin, nullus = no one (Ref. 45335); leonensis: Species is named after the vernacular name in Bambara, 'miri', given by the local fisherman in Mali (Ref. 2756).
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 17°N - 5°S, 18°W - 24°E (Ref. 26213)
Africa: freshwater rivers of West Africa (Ref. 188, 2244), in lagoons, lakes, lower and upper courses of rivers from Senegal to Cross River (Ref. 81269), including upper reaches of Niger and lower parts of Benue River (Ref. 188); and lagoons and lower and middle courses of coastal rivers from Cameroon to Democratic Republic of Congo (Ref. 2244, 81631). Reported from the Léfini River (Ref. 88782), but apparently not in upper parts of Congo system (Ref. 188). Also reported from Atlantic Ocean, including beaches at Hann near Dakar in Senegal and near Pointe Noire in Congo Republic (Ref. 188).
非洲: 潟湖，湖, 河的下游與上游從塞內加爾到喀麥隆, 也在海岸河流域的下游中從喀麥隆到剛果，尼日河上游與貝努埃河下游, 顯然地不在剛果河流域的上部中.(參考文獻 2244) 也記錄自十字河。 (參考文獻 2849)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 3 - ? cm
Max length : 12.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1989); 最大體重: 13.50 g (Ref. 2247)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-19; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 22; 脊椎骨: 39 - 44. Diagnosis: Body slender to moderately deep, its depth 17-30% of standard length; scutes beginning behind base of first pectoral finray, with 8-15 pre-pelvic and 6-10 post-pelvic scutes, and a total of 17-23 scutes, first pre-pelvic scute as long as following scutes lacking ascending arms; lower jaw very slightly projecting, teeth at symphysis only slightly enlarged; pre-maxillary teeth small and inward pointing, only the tips usually apparent, no strongly marked indentation at centre of jaw; lower gillrakers 20-35, equal to or longer than corresponding gill filaments; silver stripe along flank (Ref. 188, 2244, 81269, 81631). It resembles Pellonula vorax, which has larger and straighter teeth, often pointing forward, and scutes before pectoral fin bases (Ref. 188, 2244, 81269, 81631). The absence of large canine teeth in upper jaw distinguishes it from Odaxothrissa; Microthrissa species are deep-bodied and have a much more slender maxilla compared to Pellonula leonensis (Ref. 188).
身體細長的對中等深度。 鱗甲 (17 到 23) 在第一個之後 (通常後面最後的) 開始胸鰭鰭條。 (8-15 腹鰭前的,6-9 後) 下頜非常些微突出, 齒在瘉合處只些微地增大了; 在頜的中心的沒有強烈顯著的壓痕。 下鰓耙長的。 銀色的斑紋沿著側面。 具有 36- 在縱向的線上的中等大小的 45個圓形鱗片; 8-15 腹鰭前的與 6-9個後腹鰭鱗甲或龍骨脊; 19- 24個腹部的脊椎骨; 10- 12個前背骨。 酒顏色通常在黃褐色之間總是灰色的有鰓蓋，腹面區域與側邊的中央顏色淡的。
Found chiefly in rivers and streams, also man-made and natural lakes (Ref. 188); also in estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 188, 2683). Apparently able to tolerate moderate or even quite high salinities (Ref. 188). It forms enormous shoals in both inshore and offshore regions of Lake Kainji (Ref. 3034). It feeds on terrestrial and aquatic insects, but also ostracods and entomostracans; stomachs containing clupeid fish scales may represent cannibalism (Ref. 188). Reproduction occurs in rivers and lakes, and may be also in estuaries and coastal lagoons (Ref. 2683). It breeds from July to September in Lake Volta (Ref. 188).
主要地在河川與溪流中發現, 也在湖，水庫與潟湖中。 顯然地能進入半鹹淡水與海水。 形成魚群。 主要夜行。 吃陸生與水生昆蟲，也吃介形動物， entomostracans 與仔魚。 (參考文獻 2245) 在湖佛塔河中的來自十一月到七月的繁殖。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Reproduction occurs in rivers and lakes, and may be also in estuaries and coastal lagoons (Ref. 2683). 非洲: 潟湖，湖, 河的下游與上游從塞內加爾到喀麥隆, 也在海岸河流域的下游中從喀麥隆到剛果，尼日河上游與貝努埃河下游, 顯然地不在剛果河流域的上部中.(參考文獻 2244) 也記錄自十字河。 (參考文獻 2849)
Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels, 1991. Révision du genre Pellonula des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: occasionally
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 27.9, mean 26.7 °C (based on 62 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00771 - 0.01030), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 347 [185, 684] mg/100g; Iron = 2.57 [1.57, 4.26] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.8, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.488 [0.262, 0.898] g/100g; Selenium = 43.5 [21.3, 87.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [15, 72] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.14 [1.51, 3.17] mg/100g (wet weight);
