分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 5286). 亞熱帶的; 23°S - 35°S, 12°E - 31°E
Southeastern Atlantic to Western Indian Ocean: southern Africa (Walvis Bay to Durban) to southern Angola.
東南大西洋: 沃爾維斯灣到南非的德爾班.(在那裡它與 脂眼鯡〔Etrumeus teres〕 部分重疊) 直到最近互相混淆 脂眼鯡〔Etrumeus teres〕 不會出現在東大西洋.(參考文獻 27121)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 91762)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 18-20; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 13; 脊椎骨: 50. Numerous branchiostegal rays (11 to 15); without pre-and post pelvic scutes; W-shaped pelvic scute; rectangular pre-maxillae; pelvic fins less advanced and the isthmus with lateral flanges or `shoulders' as compared to Dussumieria.
很多的鳃条骨;(11 到 15) 没有前而后腹鳍鳞甲; W 形的腹鳍鳞甲; 矩形的前颚; 腹鳍比较少量前进了与峡部，侧面的边缘或肩的相较于 Dussumieria.
Mainly an inshore species. Often forms shoals together with pilchard (Ref. 27121). Feeds on larger types of zooplankton (Ref. 27121).
主要地一个近海种。 时常表格以沙丁鱼一起游入浅滩。 (参考文献 27121) 吃较大型的浮游动物。 (参考文献 27121)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東南大西洋: 沃爾維斯灣到南非的德爾班.(在那裡它與 脂眼鯡〔Etrumeus teres〕 部分重疊) 直到最近互相混淆 脂眼鯡〔Etrumeus teres〕 不會出現在東大西洋.(參考文獻 27121)
DiBattista, J.D., J.E. Randall and B.W. Bowen, 2012. Review of the round herrings of the genus Etrumeus (Clupeidae: Dussumieriinae) of Africa, with descriptions of two new species. Cybium 36(3):447-460. (Ref. 91762)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.7 - 20.2, mean 15.6 °C (based on 31 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5098 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00196 - 0.01118), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.7).
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 187 [84, 329] mg/100g; Iron = 1.78 [0.90, 3.49] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.3, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.377 [0.153, 0.756] g/100g; Selenium = 31.3 [15.0, 69.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.2 [3.9, 45.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.983 [0.661, 1.511] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Etrumeus whiteheadi (Whitehead\](/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Etwhi_u0.gif "Image of Etrumeus whiteheadi (Whitehead\")