Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 5 - 500 m (Ref. 5506). Deep-water; ? - 26°C (Ref. 130590); 57°N - 35°S, 32°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: English Channel southward round the Cape of Good Hope to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 4319), including Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands (Ref. 5506). Also in the Mediterranean and western Black Sea and possibly in the Red Sea (Ref. 5506).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 13.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 5506); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 36731)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 10; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 13-15; Duri dubur 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 7 - 8
Found on the shelf and upper slope on rocks, Posidonia beds, sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 5506). Adults feed on fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 27121).
Tortonese, E., 1986. Serranidae. p. 780-792. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 5506)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Komersial
informasi lanjut
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.2 - 18, mean 14.4 °C (based on 327 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00801 - 0.01038), b=2.98 (2.94 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.7 (3.6 - 7.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.1-0.3; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (6 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.3 [13.7, 76.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.515 [0.168, 1.123] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [15, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.397 [0.212, 0.744] g/100g; Selenium = 16.3 [6.9, 37.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.4 [3.7, 96.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.419 [0.279, 0.660] mg/100g (wet weight);
