分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
鰨科 (Soles)
Etymology: Pegusa: The old name of the Cnidus, the city in Asia minos where the Atheniasn defeated Spartans in a naval battle near 394 BC.
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 350 m (Ref. 4710), usually 20 - 50 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 57°N - 17°S, 18°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: northeastern to southeastern Atlantic; perhaps Gulf of Guinea; the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea; reported from Suez Canal (Ref. 32649); and Sea of Azov (Ref. 4710).
東大西洋: 東北方的到東南方的大西洋; 也許幾內亞灣; 地中海與黑海; 記錄自蘇伊士運河了;(參考文獻 32649) 而且亞速海.(參考文獻 4710)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 22 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4710); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2714); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 32766)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 69-87; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 53 - 73; 脊椎骨: 40 - 48. Last ray of dorsal and anal fins joined by a low membrane to the base of the caudal fin. Supratemporal branch of lateral line forming an arch. Anterior nostril on the blind side prominent forming a large round rosette, its diameter equal to that of the eye. Lower lip on ocular side undulated with about 6 lobes. Length of both nasal tubes and scales above it on the ocular side about equal. Pectoral fin on the ocular side with a black botch with a white margin except at its base; this blotch often interrupted by light space or accompanied by dots or streaks on one side or the other (present in fresh specimens from coast of Israel (Ref. 32649). Brownish yellow or reddish brown in color with obscure pale blotches and specks (Ref. 3200).
背鰭與臀鰭的最後鰭條被一個低的薄膜到尾鰭基底連結了。 側線形成一個弓的上顳骨分支。 在沒有眼睛的一邊上的前鼻孔突出的形成一個大的圓毛簇, 它的直徑等於眼的。 在被波動的有眼睛的一邊上的下唇有大約 6個葉。 大約相等的在有眼睛的一邊上的在它上面的鼻管與鱗片的長度。 在眼睛的側邊上的胸鰭具有一個黑色的拙笨修補具有一個白色的邊緣除了在它的基底之外; 這一個斑塊時常藉著淡空間中斷或者伴隨著在一個側邊上的點或者條紋或者另一個 (出現在來自以色列的海岸的新鮮的標本.(參考文獻 32649) 黃褐色或紅褐色的顏色有模糊的灰白斑塊與斑點.(參考文獻 3200)
Found on gravel, sand or mud. Feeds on a wide range of small marine bivalves; mainly on crustaceans such as amphipods, mysids, shrimps, decapods, bivalves and polychaetes (Ref. 4710).
棲息於礫石，沙或泥了。 吃寬範圍的小海洋的二枚貝; 主要吃甲殼動物例如片腳類動物，糠蝦，蝦，十足類動物，二枚貝與多毛類動物。 (參考文獻 4710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 東北方的到東南方的大西洋; 也許幾內亞灣; 地中海與黑海; 記錄自蘇伊士運河了;(參考文獻 32649) 而且亞速海.(參考文獻 4710)
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. A taxonomic reappraisal of the Atlanto-Mediterranean soles Solea solea, S. senegalensis and S. lascaris. J. Fish Biol. 36(6):947-960. (Ref. 32649)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.6 - 27.6, mean 18.1 °C (based on 512 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00758 - 0.01048), b=3.06 (3.01 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.41; tm=4; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 133 [47, 301] mg/100g; Iron = 1.03 [0.42, 2.11] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.175 [0.082, 0.365] g/100g; Selenium = 38.4 [18.7, 82.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.21 [3.14, 27.04] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.885 [0.576, 1.305] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
