Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 25 - 80 m (Ref. 11230). Temperate; 39°N - 18°N, 105°E - 135°E
Northwest Pacific: southern Japan and East China Sea. Reported from Hong Kong (Ref. 33067).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.5 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 52186); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.5 kg (Ref. 52186); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 4 Tahun (Ref. 52186)
Found near shore, including semi-enclosed sea areas, in mud to sandy mud bottom (Ref. 11230). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
informasi lanjut
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
mitraGambarStamps, Coins Misc.Suara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.8 - 24.7, mean 23.5 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00623 - 0.01681), b=3.07 (2.93 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (tmax=4; k=0.26 (?)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.4 [17.5, 69.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.315 [0.149, 0.588] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.5, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.603 [0.290, 1.145] g/100g; Selenium = 14.9 [6.8, 31.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.9 [4.2, 71.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.529 [0.363, 0.798] mg/100g (wet weight);