分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
無鬚鱈科 (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 80 - 1170 m (Ref. 1371), usually 160 - 640 m (Ref. 1371). 深水域; 42°N - 4°N, 98°W - 50°W (Ref. 58452)
Western Central Atlantic: Georges Bank, New England to Suriname and French Guiana.
中西大西洋: 新英格蘭喬治亞淺灘，新英格蘭到蘇利南與法屬圭亞那。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 28.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.6 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 70.0 cm TL (female); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length :45 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 0.00 g
背棘 (總數): 1; 背的軟條 (總數): 45-51; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 35 - 41; 脊椎骨: 51 - 53. Head rather long; mouth large; gill rakers short and thick, with blunt tips; pectoral fin tips reaching a vertical through anus in small fish but not in larger ones; overall color silvery white (Ref. 1371).
頭部相當長的; 嘴大的; 鰓耙短與厚的, 藉由鈍的頂端; 胸鰭頂端達到一垂直的在小魚中經過肛門但是不在較大的一些中; 全體色彩銀白色.(參考文獻 1371)
Offshore species which inhabit the outer part of the continental shelf and upper part of the slope. Feed at night when they come up towards the surface (Ref. 1371). Juveniles feed primarily on crustaceans (Ref. 58452). Adults' food consists primarily of fishes (particularly lantern fishes, sardines and anchovies) and, to a lesser extent, crustaceans and squids (Ref. 1371). Spawning occurs near the bottom at 330-550 m depth range from April to July in New England and from late spring to early autumn in the Gulf of Mexico and the Carribean Sea (Ref. 58452). Marketed fresh, frozen and smoked.
居住於斜坡的大陸棚與上半部的外部部份的一個外海種。 在晚上覓食當它向表面發生的時候。 食物主要地魚 (特別地燈籠魚，沙丁魚與鯷魚) 組成與, 對一個較少的範圍，甲殼動物與烏賊。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了,凍結而且煙燻。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
中西大西洋: 新英格蘭喬治亞淺灘，新英格蘭到蘇利南與法屬圭亞那。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 20.5, mean 12.6 °C (based on 182 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00453 - 0.01269), b=3.01 (2.86 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tmax > 3 and tm >=2; K=0.57; Fec=340,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.3 [7.2, 65.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.484 [0.080, 1.352] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [15.7, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.252 [0.112, 0.506] g/100g; Selenium = 24.9 [9.8, 55.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [2, 52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.301 [0.197, 0.490] mg/100g (wet weight);
