Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; ऐम्फिढरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 1 - 350 m (Ref. 38189). Subtropical; 45°N - 44°S, 89°E - 154°E
Eastern Indian Ocean, Malay Peninsula, southern Philippines, northern Java, Arafura Sea, Louisiade Archipelago, and northern half and southwestern Australia. Reports of Introduction in the Mediterranean are questionable. Confirmed and questionable reports of its occurrence (and references) are discussed in Inoue & Nakabo 2006 (Ref. 57869:385-6).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 19.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5450); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 7 वर्षो (Ref. 94612)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 11-12; गुदा कांटा 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 11 - 12. Cigar-shaped, rounded or slightly compressed; the head pointed and depressed; the snout rounded. Dorsal origin closer to the adipose origin than the snout tip. Anal fin origin is closer to the tail base than the operculum. Color is brown-gray above and creamy below, with 8-10 indistinct darker spots along the middle of the sides.
Found on the sublittoral zone above 100 m over sand or mud bottoms of coastal waters (Ref. 11228, 11230). Feeds on fishes (anchovy and red mullet Mullus surmuletus), crustaceans, and other invertebrates (Ref. 5213). Spawns from April to May off Japan. Generally marketed frozen, sometimes fresh and as fish cakes ('kamaboko') in Japan (Ref. 4964). Minimum depth from Ref. 12260.
Russell, B.C., 1999. Synodontidae: lizardfishes (also bombay ducks, sauries). p. 1928-1945. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 1397-2068. (Ref. 38189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.8 - 27.9, mean 26 °C (based on 583 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00465 - 0.00621), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.7 (2.1 - 3.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 37
growth studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.3-0.9; tm=1-2; tmax=8; Fec=84,802).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.3 [6.4, 45.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.406 [0.138, 0.948] mg/100g; Protein = 16 [14, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.105 [0.035, 0.259] g/100g; Selenium = 22.4 [8.0, 51.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.6 [15.2, 235.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.508 [0.287, 0.826] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
