分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 100 - 975 m (Ref. 9302), usually 200 - 400 m (Ref. 6181). 亞熱帶的; 55°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181)
Circumtropical and temperate seas of the world.
地中海: 安塔利亞灣。 廣泛地分佈於熱帶與世界的溫帶海洋中。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5951); common length : 150 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6181); 最大体重: 63.5 kg (Ref. 4699)
背棘 (总数): 13 - 15; 背的软条 (总数): 15-18; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 15 - 18; 脊椎骨: 32. Skin very rough, scales interspersed with spinous bony tubercles. Mid-ventral (abdominal) keel on the ventral contour. Body is uniformly brown to dark brown, tips of the pectoral and pelvic fins black, margins of the second dorsal and anal fins white in young specimens.
皮肤非常粗糙的, 鳞片点缀着刺状的多骨小瘤了。 腹面中央 (腹部的) 在腹的轮廓上的龙骨脊。 身体是全身褐色的到深褐色的, 胸鳍与腹鳍黑色的顶端 , 第二个背鳍与臀鳍白色的边缘当幼鱼时标本。
Usually over the continental shelf, sometimes in oceanic waters down to 800 m (Ref. 9302). Usually solitary or in pairs near the bottom (Ref. 6181). Migrates far offshore (Ref. 26139). Pelagic (Ref. 5951). Feeds on fish, crustaceans and squid (Ref. 6181). The peculiar wooden 'palu' or Ruvettus hook is used to catch this species in south central Pacific (Ref. 6181). The flesh is very oily, with purgative properties, if eaten much (Ref. 6181). Marketed fresh and as fish cakes in Japan (Ref. 9302); also processed into fishmeal (Ref. 5217). Maximum length reported to reach up to 2 m only (Heemstra, pers. comm. 03/03).
通常在大陆架上面, 有时在大洋性水域中向下至 800 公尺.(参考文献 9302) 通常独居性的或成对在底部的附近.(参考文献 6181) 回游远离至外海.(参考文献 26139) 吃鱼，甲壳动物与乌贼。 (参考文献 6181) 特殊的木制 'palu' 或 Ruvettus 钩在太平洋中南部被用来捕捉这种。 (参考文献 6181) 肉是非常多油的，有泻剂特性, 如果多吃.(参考文献 6181) 在市场上销售生鲜地了与当在日本的鱼肉炸饼;(参考文献 9302) 也加工成鱼粉。 (参考文献 5217) 最大的长度对 2 公尺改正 (Heemstra ， pers. comm。 03/03).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
地中海: 安塔利亞灣。 廣泛地分佈於熱帶與世界的溫帶海洋中。
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 19, mean 12.9 °C (based on 603 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00347 (0.00191 - 0.00629), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming tm>4).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.49, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.3 [7.8, 32.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.573 [0.271, 1.108] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.5, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.202 [0.110, 0.353] g/100g; Selenium = 81.8 [36.6, 171.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [3.2, 36.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.411 [0.288, 0.611] mg/100g (wet weight);
