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Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758)

Cascarudo
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Siluriformes (Catfishes) > Callichthyidae (Callichthyid armored catfishes) > Callichthyinae
Etymology: Callichthys: Greek, kalos, kallos = beautiful + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
See Reis (1997) for phylogeny.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; demersal; pH range: 5.8 - 8.3; dH range: ? - 30. Subtropical; 18°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

South America: Most Cis-Andean South American river drainages north of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 125882); max. published weight: 140.00 g (Ref. 125882)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal soft rays (total): 6 - 8.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found in extreme environments, from anoxic conditions (slack water zones bordered by dense vegetation) (Ref. 35381) to slightly turbid but free flowing streams (Ref. 11225). When the biotope becomes dry, it can move out of the water, due to its ability to breathe intestinally, in order to find another aquatic environment (Ref. 35381). Feeds at night on fish, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020). Juveniles feed on rotifers, in addition to the micro-crustaceans and aquatic insect larvae they find when digging into the substrate (Ref. 35381). During reproduction, the male's belly turns orange and its pectoral spines become longer and thicker. The male builds a bubble nest with some floating plants, strongly guarding it after the female lays down her eggs (up to 120) (Ref. 35381). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 120 cm (Ref. 51539).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Builds a nest of air bubbles coated with saliva on the underside of a large leaf. Eggs are attached to the nest and are guarded by the male. Eggs hatch in 4 to 6 days.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Reis, Roberto E. | Collaborators

Burgess, W.E., 1989. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey (USA). 784 p. (Ref. 6868)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 October 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Anatomy
Gill areas
Brains
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fish sounds
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetics
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Collaborators
Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Morphometrics
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References
References

Tools

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Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00243 - 0.01493), b=3.11 (2.89 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Fec=120).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.