Teleostei (teleosts) >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Ehiravidae (River sprats)
Etymology: Spratellomorpha: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp.+ greek,morphe = shape (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; brackish; pelagic. Tropical; 0° - 26°S, 37°E - 50°E (Ref. 188)
Africa: Madagascar (Ref. 188, 3509), probably restricted to the Majunga region (Ref. 33664). Also reported from Kenya coast at Port Tudor (Ref. 188, 117486), but whether this Mombassa material is conspecific with Spratellomorpha bianalis from Madagascar is currently unclear (Ref. 33664).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.5 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 188)
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 17; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 16 - 18; Vertebrae: 45 - 46. Diagnosis: Body elongate, a little compressed; belly rounded, without pre-pelvic and post-pelvic scutes, but a pelvic scute present with slender vertical arms; gillrakers 26-31; pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 7-8 branched finrays, well before dorsal fin origin; last two anal finrays separate, forming a distinct little finlet (Ref. 188, 117486, 121271). This species is distinguished from other clupeids by the presence of 2 anal fins, of which the second anal fin comprises 2 finrays (Ref. 188, 121271).
Presumed marine or estuarine (Ref. 188), but its reported presence in Port Tudor, an area where estuarine conditions prevail, would indicate that the species may be confined to estuaries (Ref. 117486) and it is found in fresh and brackish water in Madagascar (Ref. 13333, 117576). Maximum total length 6.0 cm (Ref. 121271).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00365 - 0.02081), b=3.02 (2.81 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 768 [341, 2,235] mg/100g; Iron = 4.34 [2.24, 8.37] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.535 [0.201, 1.434] g/100g; Selenium = 55.5 [19.4, 148.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.2 [10.2, 87.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.93 [2.37, 6.49] mg/100g (wet weight);
