Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 300 - 500 m (Ref. 9824). Deep-water
Western Pacific: southern Japan to the South China Sea and Taiwan.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9824)
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 109 - 125; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 90 - 101. Body elongate, its depth 2.8 to 3.3 times in SL., and head length 4.9 to 5.7 times in SL. Eyes separated by a bony ridge. Mouth small, about equal to eye diameter. Both jaws on ocular side with teeth.. First 2 dorsal fin rays not clearly separated from other rays.
Inhabits sand and mud bottoms. Marketed salt-dried.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka, 2001. Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9824)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.7 - 16.2, mean 10.2 °C (based on 106 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00408 - 0.02036), b=3.05 (2.87 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tmax>3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.7 [18.7, 82.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.428 [0.176, 0.867] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [15.5, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.247 [0.108, 0.503] g/100g; Selenium = 13.6 [5.7, 33.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.9 [2.4, 72.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.422 [0.273, 0.634] mg/100g (wet weight);
