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Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) > Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); proeliare: From the Greek etheo=to strain, and stoma=mouth; proeliare Latin, meaning to battle (Ref. 79012).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; benthopelagic. Subtropical; 38°N - 29°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

North America: ranges from Choctawhatchee River in Florida to San Jacinto River in Texas, and north in the Mississippi River basin to southern Illinois and eastern Oklahoma in the USA.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.8 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723); common length : 3.4 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. reported age: 2.00 years (Ref. 12193)

Adults occur in standing or slow-flowing water, usually in vegetation over mud (Ref. 5723); found in streams, swamps and oxbow lakes (Ref. 10294). Feed on midge larvae and microcrustaceans, with isopods, amphipods, and mayfly nymphs important seasonally (Ref. 10294). Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 December 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00235 - 0.01227), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (tmax=2; Fec=26-116).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

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Etheostoma proeliare (Hay, 1881)