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Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Gilbert & Scofield.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 44 m (Ref. 9330). Subtropical; 32°N - 24°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Central Pacific: Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 58.3 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 42865); common length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9330)

Inhabits soft bottoms, from estuaries and up to a depth of 44 m (Ref. 9330). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9330).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 25 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
Growths
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Life cycle
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Egg(s)
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Distribution
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Anatomy
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Otoliths

Physiology
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Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
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Genetics
Genetics
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18.2 - 23.1, mean 21.2 °C (based on 22 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00290 - 0.01435), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert & Scofield, 1898