Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 20 - 150 m (Ref. 9988). Temperate; 72°N - 43°N, 25°W - 45°E (Ref. 54565)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Iceland and Norway; Barents and White seas; also Baltic Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 21.5, range 11 - 25 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4705); max. published weight: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 27407)

Adults live mainly on sandy bottoms, from a few meters to about 100 m. Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Marketed fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled. microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 126983)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 October 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

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Common names
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Age/Size
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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 6.9 - 11.8, mean 8.9 °C (based on 284 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00715 - 0.00924), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.

Generation time: 3.9 (3.0 - 4.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 20 growth studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.3-0.6; tm=2-3; tmax=12; Fec=50,000).

Prior r = 0.72, 95% CL = 0.48 - 1.09, Based on 2 stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 17.8 [7.9, 75.9] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.294 [0.148, 0.565] mg/100g ; Protein = 15.7 [13.4, 18.4] % ; Omega3 = 0.319 [0.152, 0.656] g/100g ; Selenium = 9.9 [3.4, 35.3] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 7.93 [1.59, 40.88] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.339 [0.178, 0.808] mg/100g (wet weight);

Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758)