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Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei (Scorpionfishes) > Synanceiidae (Stonefishes) > Synanceiinae
Etymology: Synanceia: Greek, syn = as a whole + Greek, aggeion = vein.
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 40 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: India to China, Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Reported from Vanuatu (Ref. 13300).

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4690)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 6; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 5. A drab species, usually brownish grey to reddish brown with a pattern of fine lines across the caudal fin. Eyes well elevated compared to the reef stonefish S. verrucosa (Ref. 48635).

Inhabits coastal reefs and estuaries (Ref. 9710). Makes a shallow depression by scooping up sand or mud with its pectoral fins until it is piled up around the sides of its body. Lies motionless on sandy bottom areas. Comes out at night and often moves on top of reefs (Ref. 48635). In Guinness Book of Records as most venomous fish (Ref. 6472). Solitary in coral rubble and rocks, extremely difficult to detect (Ref 90102).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 126983)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 June 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4716)

Human uses

Aquarium: public aquariums

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

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Common names
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Age/Size
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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.4 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 874 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.00606 - 0.04338), b=3.06 (2.84 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Subfamily-BS (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 35.7 [17.6, 70.5] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.558 [0.288, 1.280] mg/100g ; Protein = 18.2 [16.6, 19.7] % ; Omega3 = 0.19 [0.08, 0.49] g/100g ; Selenium = 32.4 [16.6, 74.8] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 125 [40, 395] μg/100g ; Zinc = 1.21 [0.84, 1.76] mg/100g (wet weight);

Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus, 1766)