Jupiaba paranatinga is distinguished from J. acanthogaster, J. atypindi, J. keithi, J. maroniensis, J. meunieri, J. minor, J. pinnata and J. poekotero by having teeth with central cusp distinctly larger than lateral cusps and dentary teeth abruptly decreasing in size posteriorly (vs. teeth cusps similar in size and dentary teeth decreasing gradually posteriorly). Jupiaba paranatinga differs from J. abramoides, J. anteroides, J. apenima, J. asymmetrica, J. pirana, J. polylepis, J. poranga, J. potaroensis, J. yarina, and J. zonata by having 34–35 lateral line scales (vs. 39–66). The new species can be distinguished from J. iasy and J. mucronata by having two vertically elongated humeral blotches, the first and most conspicuous encompassing the scales 3 to 6 of the lateral line series (vs. one longitudinally elongated humeral blotch in J. mucronata and one vertically elongated humeral blotch encompassing the first 5 to 7 lateral line scales in J. iasy). Jupiaba paranatinga differs from J. elassonaktis, J. essequibensis, and J. scologaster by the presence of a conspicuous caudal spot at the end of caudal peduncle, extending over 8–10 median caudal-fin rays (vs. caudal spot absent in J. scologaster and inconspicuous in J. elassonaktis and J. essequibensis). The new species is further distinguished from J. scologaster by its lower number of branched anal-fin rays (18–20 vs. 21–22) and relatively lower body depth (31.3–35.5% vs. 34.9–42.1%), from J. essequibensis by its larger orbital diameter (43.7–46.9% vs. 38.5–44.0%), and from J. elassonaktis by various morphometric characters, including lower body depth (31.1–33.5% vs. 37.7–38.9%), longer caudal peduncle (12.1–13.0% vs. 10.4–11.2%), narrower interorbital distance (27.2–29.3% vs. 32.2–33.5%), and longer upper jaw (38.9–41.1% vs.

35.0–37.6%) (Ref. 82468).