Balantiocheilos ambusticauda is distinguished from its sole congener, B. melanopterus, in having a shorter snout (27.5–33.9% HL vs. 33.2–39.1) that is rounded (vs. obliquely truncate) in specimens larger than ca. 80 mm SL, posteriorly directed groove at rictus curved (vs. straight), and narrower black margins on the pelvic and anal fins (on distal third of both fins or less vs. on distal half or more, with pelvic fins sometimes entirely black) (Ref. 58339).