Ranges from Espirito Santo south to Santa Catarina, including Abrolhos Reefs (Ref. 57756). Seldom found in fish markets in Brazil, except in areas where spearfishing is common and commercial (Ref. 5222). The meat is one of the best among all "badejo" species. Observed in Angra dos Reis ( west of Rio de Janeiro ) eating "manjubas", small silvery fish that swims in schools (Carlos Vianns, pers. comm.). Also Ref. 13442, 55758, 89707, 126840.