Type locality of Pseudolithoxus kinja, Brazil, Amazonas, São Sebastião do Uatumã, rio Uatumã, Santa Luzia de Jacarequara. It is currently known from

three clearwater rivers of the Brazilian and Guiana shields in Amazonas State: rio Uatumã, rio Nhamunda and rio Guariba (rio Madeira-Aripuanã drainage). It has been reported in the aquarium trade literature under the tag names Pseudolithoxus sp. ‘L385’ and Pseudolithoxus sp. ‘L492, fishes supposedly from the rio Trombetas and the rio Jauaperi, respectively (Ref. 119352).

Conservation status: It has been estimated that this species has lost ca. 25% of its historical distribution due to impoundment of the rio Uatumã by the Balbina Dam. The rio Pitinga, despite the water-control regime, still has this species. No appreciable threat to the quality of its natural habitat appears to exist on the rio Nhamunda and rio Guariba, but the extent of distribution in these rivers

remains unclear (collections were only made from single locations). Thus, the authors suggest that P. kinja be classified as LC (Least Concern) under the IUCN criteria of evaluation of conservation status (IUCN, 2012) (Ref. 119352).