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Scleropages formosus (Müller & Schlegel, 1840)

Asian bonytongue
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Scleropages formosus
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Indonesia country information

Common names: Arwana, Asian bonytongue, Ikan siluk
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: Kottelat, M. and E. Widjanarti, 2005
Regulations: protected | Ref: Kottelat, M. and T. Whitten, 1996
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Known from Sumatra and Borneo (Ref. 36654). Recorded from Danau Sentarum National Park (Ref. 56749). Museum: Kapuas, MZB 3010 (Ref. 2091). Protected by Indonesian law (Ref. 12217) and CITES I and II. This has been bred in captivity by several companies in Pontianak and Indonesia has been allowed to export a given number of captive bred individuals per year. As a result of this captive breeding, juveniles are the most exported commodity which coincided with a change of trade practices in the Kapuas Lakes area. In 1995, fishermen reported that adults were released and juveniles were grown, occasionally obtained from the mouthbrooding parent. This indicates that a part of the juveniles exported as captive bred originate from the wild (Ref. 56749). The species exhibit several colors: red, gold, pink and green; and the market price very much depend on the color with red being the most expensive and green the cheapest (Godi [ggodi@writeme.com], pers. comm.). Also Ref. 4835.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) > Osteoglossidae (Arowanas)
Etymology: Scleropages: Greek, skleros = hard + Greek, page, -es = knot (Ref. 45335).
  More on authors: Müller & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

; 淡水 底中水层性.   熱帶; 24°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060)

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Asia: Southern Myanmar to Malay Peninsula and Indonesia, eastern Thailand to Cardamon Range.
亞洲: 印尼,馬來西亞,泰國,柬埔寨與越南。 國際間的買賣禁止。 ( 引用 I, 自從 1.7.75 以後)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6398)

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

With 1 pair of barbels; scales large.
藉由 1对触须; 鳞片大的。

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Occurs in tannin stained blackwater streams (Ref. 12693). Found in forest covered streams including peat adjacent areas. Take around three months for free swimming fries (Ref. 57235). Young individuals feed on insects at the water surface, adults take fishes (Ref. 12693, 57235) and smaller vertebrates (Ref. 56749). A mouth brooder, young about 6 cm at birth (Ref. 7050, 57235). Valued as an aquarium fish, its flesh commands a moderate price.

出现于沾染死水的溪流单宁酸。 (参考文献 12693) 发现于森林遮盖溪流包括泥煤毗连的区域了。 为游离于水中鱼苗花大约三个月。 (参考文献 57235) 幼鱼吃在水面的昆虫, 成鱼捕食鱼。 (参考文献 12693,57235) 一个口孵鱼, 幼鱼出生时的大约 6 公分.(参考文献 7050,57235) 可作为一个水族馆鱼了,它的肉具有中等的价格。

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

From an observation of a breeding pair in a concrete tank, courtship lasts from several weeks to months. During this stage, the breeding pair swims near the water surface usually at night. "The male chases the female around the perimeter of the tank. Sometimes, the pair circle each other nose-to-tail. About one to two weeks before spawning takes place, the fish swim side by side with their bodies touching. Eventually, the female releases a cluster of orange-red eggs. The male fertilises the eggs and then scoops them into its mouth where it incubates them. After hatching which occurs in about a week, the young larvae continue to live in the male's mouth for 7-8 weeks more until the yolk sac is totally absorbed" (Ref. 57886).亞洲: 印尼,馬來西亞,泰國,柬埔寨與越南。 國際間的買賣禁止。 ( 引用 I, 自從 1.7.75 以後)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Kottelat, M., 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 2013 (Suppl. 27):1-663. (Ref. 94476)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  濒危 (EN) (A2cd+4cd); Date assessed: 03 June 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)


CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 高经济性
FAO(渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5781   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00172 - 0.01010), b=3.10 (2.89 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.63 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm = 3-4; Fec = 50 (in concrete tanks)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (56 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.