Australia country information

Common names: Barracouta, Barracouta, Couta
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: They inhabit southern waters of the Australian Fishing Zone from Moreton Bay in Queensland (Ref. 28892) to Shark Bay in Western Australia (Ref. 27296). Stock structure: There appear to be at least 5 stocks of barracouta in Australian waters, 3 of which are located in southeastern waters and the remaining 2 in South Australia and Western Australia, respectively (Ref. 7143, 28893). These findings are based on studies of growth, spawning and migration factors and up to 1993, have not been validated by genetic studies. Commercial fishery: The Australian barracouta fishery has operated since the mid 1800s, following the introduction of trolling methods at Queenscliff (Victoria) in the 1850s (Ref. 26431). A barracouta fishery was also established in Tasmania in the second half of that century. Prior to the Second World War, barracouta was the second most important fish species in the Australian fishing industry, exceeded only by sea mullet (Mugil cephalus) in volume of landed catch. Production of barracouta increased during the war, peaking in 1945-46 at 9000 t. This peak was mainly the result of increased catches in Tasmania where effort was diverted from the southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery to produce bulk fish for canning (Ref. 28895). Production of barracouta was low during the 1950s but increased from 1960, ranging from about 1900 t to 4100 t during the period 1960-61 to 1974-75 (Ref. 28892). Since 1975 fishing effort targeted at barracouta has lessened, mainly as a result of competition from more popular trawled species in the domestic fresh fish market and low priced imported product for processing. Historically, fishing for barracouta has been confined to southern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Most of the New South Wales catch was landed at Eden. In Victoria, the most productive waters were off Lorne, Apollo Bay, Queenscliff and Western Port (Ref. 28892) while Tasmanian barracouta vessels operated mainly from Hobart and Triabunna in the southeast and Devonport, Stanley and Burnie in the north. Trolling was the most widely used method in the fishery, with lines towed at the surface or weighted to attract deeper swimming fish. Lures used varied from wooden and plastic jigs to strips of coloured cloth and animal hide attached to hooks. Vessels used in the early fishery were open or half-decked sailing vessels up to 12 m in length. Diesel engines were introduced in the 1950s, but the vessel design remains basically the same. As of 1993, catches of barracouta are taken as bycatch of demersal otter trawling in New South Wales and Victoria as part of the South East Fishery, with the highest catches resulting from target fishing for warehous (Seriolella species). Catches are also taken in southeastern Tasmanian waters using trolling methods, although the level of catch has varied considerably since 1980 when it was less than 10 t, to 650 t in 1986-87. Most of the catch is sold on the fresh fish market in headed and gutted form. Some of the catch is processed as smoked product of fish cakes, although processors rely mainly on imported barracouta for continuity of supply (Ref. 28892). Barracouta heads are widely used as bait in rock lobster pots. Recreational fishery: Barracouta are targeted by anglers in all southern States except New South Wales. Surface feeding schools are fished by trolling or casting metallic lures or jigs (Ref. 27128). The largest recorded barracouta (as of 1993) was caught by a recreational angler in New South Wales and weighed 6.2 kg (Australian Anglers Association records). Resource status: As of 1993, catches appeared to be well below sustainable levels. This situation was due to market limitations rather than over-exploitation of stocks. Periodic fluctuations in apparent abundance of barracouta are well documented but the factors responsible are unknown. Barracouta are susceptible to infestation by protozoan parasites, which cause the incidence of 'milky' fish. The flesh of infected individuals softens within 24 hours of capture to an unmarketable condition (Ref. 28894). A small percentage of barracouta is also infected by nematode and cestode worms. Occurrence of the parasites has contributed to the low demand for barracouta on the fresh fish market although their presence is detected prior to sale and the affected fish discarded. Also Ref. 6231.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Escolier, Sierra, Снэк (=баракутта), ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Thyrsites: Greek, thyrsites, -ou = stalk of a plant, an ornament like a pine cone borne by Bacchus (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水底中水层性; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6390), usually 100 - 500 m (Ref. 6181). 亞熱帶的; 13°C - 18°C (Ref. 6181); 21°S - 56°S, 75°W - 177°E (Ref. 54924)

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Southwest Atlantic: Uruguay, Argentina and Tierra del Fuego. Eastern Atlantic: Tristan da Cunha and South Africa. Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and the St. Paul and Amsterdam islands. Eastern Indian Ocean: Tasmania and southern coast of Australia. Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern coast of Australia. Southeast Pacific: southern Peru, Chile, and Tierra del Fuego.
西南大西洋: 烏拉圭，阿根廷與火地島。東大西洋: 崔斯坦火山與南非。西印度洋: 南非與聖保羅與阿姆斯特丹島。東印度洋: 塔斯梅尼亞與澳洲的南部海岸。西南太平洋: 紐西蘭與澳洲的南部海岸。東南太平洋: 南方的祕魯，智利與火地島。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m 55.0, range 50 - 60 cm
Max length : 200 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3630); common length : 75.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6181); 最大体重: 6.0 kg (Ref. 6181); 最大年龄: 10 年 (Ref. 28892)

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 19 - 21; 背的软条 (总数): 113; 臀棘 1; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12; 脊椎骨: 35. Body elongate and strongly compressed. Lateral line single, running close to the upper contour of the body below most of the first dorsal-fin base then abruptly curving ventrally. Body is dark blue, slightly paler on belly; first dorsal fin membrane black (Ref. 6181).
细长的身体与非常扁长形的。侧线然后突然地腹地弯曲，单独地，连续在大部分的第一背鳍基底之下接近身体的上面轮廓。身体颜色较深蓝色, 些微较灰白在腹面上; 第一背鳍薄膜黑色.(参考文献 6181)

Inhabit continental shelves or around islands. Feed on pelagic crustaceans (Euphausia, Nyctiphanes), cephalopods and fishes (Ref. 6181) like anchovy and pilchard (Ref. 36731). Form schools near the bottom or midwater; sometimes even at the surface at night (Ref. 6181). Prefers temperature between 13° and 18°C (Ref. 36731). Marketed fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Good for fish and chips or smoking; also made into fillet or fish cake in Japan (Ref. 6181). Commonly called as Baracoutta and because it is a fast predator, several English vessels were named after it. In the UK during WW II, this canned fish was commonly eaten that many older people have an aversion to it (D. Parkyn, pers. comm. 05/2022).

栖息于大陆架或岛的周围。捕食大洋性的像鱼与沙丁鱼的甲壳动物 ( Euphausia, Nyctiphanes) ，头足类动物与鱼 (参考文献 6181) 。 (参考文献 36731) 在底部或中层水域的附近形成鱼群; 有时甚至在水表面在晚上.(参考文献 6181) 偏爱在 13个 ° 与 18 °C 之间的温度。 (参考文献 36731) 在市场上销售生鲜、烟熏、罐装及冷冻; 油炸后食用, 火烤了, 微波了而且烧烤了。 (参考文献 9988) 对于鱼与薄片是好的或烟熏; 在日本也制成鱼排或鱼肉炸饼。 (参考文献 6181)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Spawning patterns are complex, with different stock spawning at different times of the year (Ref. 6390).西南大西洋: 烏拉圭，阿根廷與火地島。東大西洋: 崔斯坦火山與南非。西印度洋: 南非與聖保羅與阿姆斯特丹島。東印度洋: 塔斯梅尼亞與澳洲的南部海岸。西南太平洋: 紐西蘭與澳洲的南部海岸。東南太平洋: 南方的祕魯，智利與火地島。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Parin, Nikolay V. | 合作者

Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

不评价

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的

FAO(渔业: 产生, 物种外形; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.2 - 16, mean 11.2 (based on 285 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00237 - 0.00767), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-4; tmax=10).

Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 3 stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Parin, Nikolay V. | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

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特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性 字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Parin, Nikolay V. | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)