Australia country information

Common names: Chows, Common jack mackerel, Cowanyoung
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Inhabit southern Australian waters from Wide Bay in Queensland to Shark Bay, Western Australia (Ref. 7300), including Bass Strait and Tasmania (Ref. 27930). Stock structure: Electrophoretic studies of protein variation in jack mackerel have shown that Australian fish are genetically distinct from New Zealand fish. Within Australian waters there appears to be a distinct subpopulation in the west and 2 or more subpopulations in the southeast (Ref. 9361). Commercial fishery: Prior to the establishment of the jack mackerel fishery in 1993, a number of fishing trials were conducted. Purse seine nets were used in pelagic fishing trials off New South Wales and eastern Tasmania between 1946 and 1950. Purse seining was also tried near Lakes Entrance in the mid 1970s (Ref. 27933). In 1973, a fishery for jack mackerel was commenced by a company operating from Triabunna in Tasmania, where their fishmeal processing plant was located. Approximately 6300 t were caught in 1973-74 from waters between southern New South Wales and southern Tasmania. All of the catch was processed into fishmeal. The operation closed in 1974. In 1985, another venture aimed at fishmeal production commenced at Triabunna. Subsequently, there was a rapid rise in landings of jack mackerel, peaking at almost 40,000 t in 1986-87. The fishery has continued and up until 1993, was the source for over 90% of Australian jack mackerel landings. The catch was taken almost exclusively using purse seine nets, usually 500 m to 800 m in length and up to 70 m depth. Vessels vary in size between 25 m and 47 m, and up to 7 boats fish at some time during the fishing season (Ref. 27934). The jack mackerel purse seine fishery targets surface or near surface schools. Schools are located using a spotter plane or sonar and depth sounder. The main fishing area is near the central east coast of Tasmania although catches are taken from Flinders Island in the northeast to Macquarie Harbour on the west coast. Some fish are taken off the northern Tasmanian coast between Devonport and George Town on the Tamar River. A few purse seine vessels target jack mackerel in State waters off Lakes Entrance in eastern Victoria and Port Macdonnell in South Australia. Alternative methods for catching jack mackerel in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania are demersal otter trawling, midwater otter trawling and fixed tidal traps. The fisheries in New South Wales and Victoria are localised and sporadic. The Tasmanian fishing season lasts from October to May. Catches early in the season are normally taken in the north and later along the east coast, where an increase in numbers of surface schools results in greater catches. Catches are mostly taken during the day. The abundance of jack mackerel schools seems to exhibit great inter-annual variability. This varation may be caused by changes in the species' schooling behaviour which in turn reduces their catchability by purse seine fishing. The 2 main bycatch species of jack mackerel fishery are redbait (Emmelichthys nitidus) and blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus). They constitute about 5% of the annual landings from this purse seine fishery. Small numbers of Peruvian jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) have also been recorded from Tasmanian jack mackerel catches in the same period (Ref. 27939). The majority of the jack mackerel catch is processed into fishmeal for livestock and aquaculture feeds. The Tasmanian fishery is the main source of domestic fishmeal production. Some of the jack mackerel is sold as bait for rock lobster (Palinuridae) or longline fisheries. Very little is consumed by humans in Australia but significant quantities are used as pet food. Recreational fishery: Jack mackerel are commonly caught by recreational anglers throughout their Australian distribution. They are mainly caught using rod-and-line or handline methods. The largest jack mackerel recorded by the Australian Anglers Association weighed 1.7 kg and was caught in New South Wales.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Chinchard dos vert, Jurel verde, Ставрида новозеландская, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Carangiformes (Jacks) 鱸形目 (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jenyns.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水底中水层性; 深度上下限 27 - 460 m (Ref. 27930), usually ? - 300 m (Ref. 9072). 溫帶; ? - 16°C (Ref. 9072); 9°S - 53°S, 112°E - 177°E (Ref. 54926)

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: Western Australia to New South Wales, including New Zealand. Principal component analysis of morphometric and meristic characters indicates three separate subpopulations in the Great Australian Bight, off New South Wales, and off Tasmania (Ref. 7456).
西南太平洋: 澳洲西部到新南威爾斯, 包括紐西蘭。型態特徵與體節特徵的主要組成分析在大澳洲灣，外海的新南威爾斯與外海的塔斯梅尼亞中指出三個個別的子族群。 (參考文獻 7456)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m 31.5, range 23 - 37 cm
Max length : 64.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 33839); common length : 42.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9258); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 9072)

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 9; 背的软条 (总数): 29-35; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 24 - 29; 脊椎骨: 24. Adults are elongate and slightly compressed, and have a primary lateral line with 71-89 scutes, and a secondary lateral line reaching to below dorsal-fin rays 7-9 (Ref. 33616).
成鱼是细长而些微扁长形, 而且有一个主侧线有 71-89个鳞甲 , 与一条第二的侧线延伸到背鳍鳍条 7-9 下面.(参考文献 33616)

Adults are commonly found near the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258) in continental shelf waters (Ref. 27930). They form pelagic schools for most of the year but may move close to the sea bed during winter (Ref. 27931). Generally found at less than 300 m water depth with temperature less than 16° C (Ref. 9072). Juveniles inhabit coastal and estuarine waters although they may sometimes be found offshore (Ref. 27930). Adults feed mostly during the day mainly on krill and other planktonic crustaceans, light fish (Sternoptychidae) and lantern fish (Myctophidae) at the edge of the continental shelf (Ref. 27933).

普遍地在底部附近发现, 在中层水域中与偶然地在水表面 (参考文献 9258) 在大陆架水域中.(参考文献 27930) 他们形成大洋性的鱼群每年大部分的时间但是可能移动在冬天期间接近海床.(参考文献 27931) 用温度少于 16个 ° C 通常发现于少于 300个公尺水深了。 (参考文献 9072) 虽然他们有时可以被发现于外海，稚鱼栖息于海岸而河口的水域。 (参考文献 27930) 大部分在白天期间的吃在大陆架的边缘主要吃磷虾与其他的浮游性甲壳动物，日光灯鱼 (Sternoptychidae) 与灯笼鱼 (Myctophidae) 。 (参考文献 27933)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Eggs and sperm are released amongst schooling fish, possibly deep in the water column near the edge of the continental shelf. Eggs are distributed between the surface and the thermocline and larvae are carried inshore by currents.西南太平洋: 澳洲西部到新南威爾斯, 包括紐西蘭。型態特徵與體節特徵的主要組成分析在大澳洲灣，外海的新南威爾斯與外海的塔斯梅尼亞中指出三個個別的子族群。 (參考文獻 7456)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | 合作者

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 July 2017

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 诱饵: usually

FAO(渔业: 产生, 物种外形; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 11.1 - 20.2, mean 14.4 (based on 135 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00780 - 0.02031), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 3.9 ±0.61 se; based on food items.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-4; tmax=25).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

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网络资源

Estimates based on models

Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性 字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)