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Zenopsis nebulosa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)

Mirror dory
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Zenopsis nebulosa   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Zenopsis nebulosa (Mirror dory)
Zenopsis nebulosa
Picture by Yuniar, A.T.

Australia country information

Common names: Deepsea dory, Deepwater dory, Mirror dory
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs throughout the continental shelf and upper slope waters off southern Australia from Broken Bay in New South Wales to the North West Shelf of Western Australia (Ref. 6390). Also reported from the Lord Howe Island (Ref. 75154). Commercial fishery: Mirror dory are caught only by vessels using demersal otter trawls. The main Australian fishery is located off New South Wales and eastern Victoria, although some catch is taken throughout other areas of the South East Fishery. Catches of mirror dory in the South East Fishery ranged between 370 t and 460 t between 1986-87 and 1989-90. Small amounts are also caught in the Great Australian Bight Trawl Fishery, the Western Deepwater Trawl Fishery and the North West Slope Trawl Fishery. Up until 1992, the mirror dory catch was mainly taken as bycatch of the winter fishery for gemfish (Rexea solandri). The catch consisted of mature fish, between 40 and 50 cm total length (Ref. 27114). Mirror dory are also taken throughout the year as a bycatch of trawling for various continental slope species. Mirror dory species are sold on the domestic fresh fish market as a whole fish. Recreational fishery: Mirror dory are rarely caught by anglers because of the depths they inhabit. Resource status: Up to 1993, catches of mirror dory in southeastern Australian waters were relatively stable although there is some evidence of irregular recruitment (Ref. 27114). Lack of biological information has precluded any estimates of biomass or sustainable yield (Ref. 27114). Museum: NTM S.10752-010 (TGT3229).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Kagamidai, Yǔ yìn yà hǎi fáng, 민달고기, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Zeiformes (Dories) > Zeidae (Dories)
Etymology: Zenopsis: Particle zen, derived from zao = to give life + Greek, opsis = appearance;  nebulosa: nebulosus meaning dark or clouded--a dark Zeus-like fish (Ref. 4525).
  More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; benthopelagic; depth range 30 - 800 m (Ref. 27124), usually 50 - 600 m (Ref. 27114).   Deep-water; 41°N - 54°S, 72°E - 70°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Japan, northwest shelf of Australia to Broken Bay in New South Wales, New Zealand (Ref. 6390), and elsewhere in the region. Eastern Pacific: off central and southern California, USA (Ref. 2850); and on the seamounts of the Nazca Ridge in the Peru area (Ref. 27131).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 29.0, range 25 - 40 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9563); max. published weight: 3.0 kg (Ref. 27124); max. reported age: 45 years (Ref. 58312)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26-27; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 24 - 25

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occur in deeper trawling grounds of the continental shelf and slope, close to the sea bed (Ref. 559). Caught by Japanese trawlers during winter (Ref. 559). Excellent food fish.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

It is not known whether individuals undergo a single spawning or a series of spawnings over the winter months in southern Australia (Ref. 6390).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Heemstra, Phillip C. | Collaborators

Allen, G.R. and R. Swainston, 1988. The marine fishes of north-western Australia: a field guide for anglers and divers. Western Australian Museum, Perth. 201 p. (Ref. 3132)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO(Fisheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.1 - 23.8, mean 14.5 (based on 1184 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5781   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.00894 - 0.02943), b=2.93 (2.77 - 3.09), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.72 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.20; tm=3; tmax=45; Fec=52,000).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.74, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.