Samoa country information

Common names: Sa'ula-oso
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 43.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ws.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.spc.org.nc/coastfish/Countries/samoa/samoa.htm
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Wass, R.C., 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Makaire noir, Aguja negra, Short nosed sword fish, ... more

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Istiophoridae (Billfishes)
Etymology: More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 0 - 915 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). Subtropical; 15°C - 30°C (Ref. 43); 44°N - 47°S, 18°E - 69°W (Ref. 43)

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: tropical and subtropical waters, occasionally entering temperate waters. Stray individuals migrate into the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Cape of Good Hope, but the existence of Atlantic breeding stocks is unlikely. Highly migratory species.

Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 465 cm FL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 40637); common length : 380 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 30573); peso máximo publicado: 750.0 kg (Ref. 5503)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 39 - 50; Espinas anales: 0; Radios blandos anales: 16 - 21. Body elongate and not very compressed; upper jaw produced into a robust but not very long beak; two dorsal fins, the height of the first less then the greatest body depth, becoming shorter posteriorly; pectoral fins falcate and rigid, with 19 to 20 rays; body densely covered with small, embedded scales with 1 or 2 sharp points; back dark blue; belly silvery white; membrane of first dorsal fin blue black, without spots; flanks without spots (Ref. 55763). Dark blue above, silvery white below; sometimes with light blue vertical stripes; 1st dorsal fin blackish to dark blue, other fins dark brown with tinges of dark blue in some specimens.

Oceanic, usually found in surface waters above the thermocline, often near shore close to land masses, islands and coral reefs. Feed on fishes, squids, cuttlefishes, octopods, large decapod crustaceans and mostly on small tunas when abundant (Ref. 9668). The flesh is of good quality; marketed refrigerated or frozen and prepared as sashimi in Japan (Ref. 9308). Also Ref. 9692.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Believed to prefer water temperatures around 27° to 28°C during spawning. Egg counts of ripe roe totaled about 40 million per female.

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 01 May 2021

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesquerías: comercial; pesca deportiva: si

FAO(pesquerías: producción; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 16 - 28.4, mean 25.4 (based on 3272 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00209 - 0.00953), b=3.13 (2.93 - 3.33), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.47(?); Fec=67 million; assuming tm>2).

Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 2 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Istiompax indica (Cuvier, 1832)