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Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)

Great white shark
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Carcharodon carcharias   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Great white shark, Great white shark, Man eater
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., 1998
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in Monterey Bay (Ref. 12091). In 1961, strays were recorded from Willapa Harbour (Ref. 6885). California appears to be a particularly vulnerable region for shark attacks, possibly because of the large populations of seals, otters and sea lions that attract the predatory shark to its waters (Ref. 9987). Protected in parts of the United States (Ref. 26346). Also Ref. 13574, 26938.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) > Lamnidae (Mackerel sharks or white shark)
Etymology: Carcharodon: carchar-, presumably referring to Carcharias (Odontaspidae); odon (Gr.), tooth, “Teeth as in Carchari[a]s, serrated on both edges”. (See ETYFish);  carcharias: From the Ancient Greek karkharías, shark, derived from kárkharos, sharp or jagged, referring to its teeth (“dentibus serratus”). (See ETYFish).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

морской; солоноватоводный; мигрирует в океане (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 0 - 1280 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 250 m (Ref. 55270).   Subtropical; 61°N - 58°S, 180°W - 180°E

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri

Worldwide. Very wide-ranging in most oceans; among the greatest habitat and geographic range of any fish, tolerating temperatures of 5°-25°C.

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm 475.0, range 450 - 500 cm
Max length : 640 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 12489); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 0.00 g; наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 36 годы (Ref. 31395)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0. A huge, spindle-shaped shark with conspicuous black eyes, a blunt, conical snout and large, triangular, saw-edged teeth (Ref. 5578). First dorsal-fin origin usually over the pectoral-fin inner margins (Ref. 43278, 6871). Caudal fin crescentic (Ref. 247). Lead-grey to brown or black above, lighter on sides, and abruptly white below (Ref. 6851). Black spot at rear pectoral fin base (Ref. 6851).

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

Primarily a coastal and offshore inhabitant of continental and insular shelves, but may also occur off oceanic islands far from land (Ref. 247, 43278, 58302). Often close inshore to the surf line and even penetrates shallow bays (Ref. 247). Maximum depth of 700 fathoms (or 1280 m) reported by Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948 is erroneous (Francis et al., 2012 in Ref. 106604). Pelagic, capable of migration across oceanic regions (Ref. 58302). Usually solitary or in pairs but can be found in feeding aggregations of 10 or more; does not form schools (Ref. 247). Feeds on bony fishes, sharks, rays, seals, dolphins and porpoises, sea birds, carrion, squid, octopi and crabs (Ref. 5578) and whales (Ref. 32140). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Number of young born per litter, 7 (Ref. 31395) to 14 (Ref. 26346). Reported by some experts to attack humans which they mistake for their normal prey (Ref. 47). Most attacks occur in estuaries. Caught by big-game anglers and line boats for its jaws (Ref. 5578). Reported to cause poisoning (Ref. 4690). Flesh is utilized fresh, dried-salted, and smoked for human consumption, the skin for leather, liver for oil, carcass for fishmeal, fins for shark-fin soup, and teeth and jaws for decorations (Ref. 13574). Maximum total length is leading to much speculation and some measurements are found to be doubtful. Possibly to 6.4 m or more in length (Ref. 43278), considered the world's largest predator with a broad prey spectrum. The record of 10.98 m is incorrect (Ref. 13574). Maximum total length for male from Ref. 91029. Sometimes considered the most dangerous shark in the world (Ref. 26938). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 86942.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). Up to 10, possibly 14 young born at 120-150 cm (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Male and female may swim in parallel while copulating (Ref. 28042, 49562).

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | соавторы

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

  уязвимый; см. Красный Список МСОП (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 07 November 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)


Угроза для людей

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 247)




Использование человеком

рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
FAO(рыболовство: production, Видовой профиль; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

дополнительная информация

Trophic ecology
пищевые объекты
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
хищники
Ecology
экология
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
размножение
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
личинки
динамика численности личинок
Anatomy
Gill areas
мозг
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
звуки, издаваемые рыбами
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
генетика
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
соавторы
References
ссылки

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 11.3 - 24.9, mean 18.1 (based on 4368 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0313   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00623 - 0.01217), b=3.05 (2.96 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (K=0.06; tm=8-12; tmax=36; Fec=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   Low.