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Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)

Snowy grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Hyporthodus niveatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hyporthodus niveatus (Snowy grouper)
Hyporthodus niveatus
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United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Grouper, Snowy grouper
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges from Massachusetts to Texas. Commercially important stocks occur off the southeast coast of the U.S. (North Carolina to Georgia), Florida west coast, and lower Florida Keys(Ref. 5222). Percentage of males in the population off North and South Carolina appears to have decreased significantly, from 7-23% in the 1970s and 1980s to 1% in the 1990s and mean length of fish landed in the longline fishery has steadily decreased from 65-80 cm in the early 1980s to 50-60 cm in the mid-1990s (Ref. 45886). Also Ref. 276, 26340, 26938, 89707.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology:   More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino demersal; rango de profundidad 30 - 525 m (Ref. 5222), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 5222).   Subtropical; 41°N - 27°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 5222)

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.

Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: Lm 54.0, range 47 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 26340); common length : 60.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5217); peso máximo publicado: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5222); edad máxima reportada: 27 años (Ref. 3090)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 11; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 13 - 15; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Dark margin on spiny dorsal fin and dark saddle on caudal peduncle that extends below lateral line (Ref. 26938); juveniles with pale yellow caudal and pectoral fins; black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle reaching below lateral line; depth of body contained 2.4-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; convex interorbital area, width less than or subequal to eye diameter; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostrils 2-5 times larger than anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Adults occur well offshore on rocky bottoms. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the U.S (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans (Ref. 5222). Valuable commercial food fish (Ref. 26938).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

The size (76.7-109 cm) and age (8-29 yr) of 97 male specimens and the capture of two specimens undergoing sex change provided conclusive evidence that snowy grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites (Ref. 45886).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Vulnerable, ver lista roja de la UICN (VU) (A2bd+4bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Pesquerías: comercial
FAO(pesquerías: producción; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.8 - 23.7, mean 19.5 (based on 93 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01218 - 0.02063), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Ref. 120179):  Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.07-0.09; tmax=27).
Prior r = 0.17, 95% CL = 0.11 - 0.25, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.