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Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)

Snowy grouper
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Hyporthodus niveatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hyporthodus niveatus (Snowy grouper)
Hyporthodus niveatus
Picture by Timm, C.D.

United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Grouper, Snowy grouper
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges from Massachusetts to Texas. Commercially important stocks occur off the southeast coast of the U.S. (North Carolina to Georgia), Florida west coast, and lower Florida Keys(Ref. 5222). Percentage of males in the population off North and South Carolina appears to have decreased significantly, from 7-23% in the 1970s and 1980s to 1% in the 1990s and mean length of fish landed in the longline fishery has steadily decreased from 65-80 cm in the early 1980s to 50-60 cm in the mid-1990s (Ref. 45886). Also Ref. 276, 26340, 26938, 89707.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Mérou neige, Cherna pintada, Seabass, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology:   More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海 底生の; 深さの範囲 30 - 525 m (Ref. 5222), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 5222).   Subtropical; 41°N - 27°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 5222)

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Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 54.0, range 47 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 26340); common length : 60.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5217); 最大公表体重: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5222); 最大記録サイズ: 27 年 (Ref. 3090)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 11; 背鰭 (合計) : 13 - 15; 肛門の骨: 3; 臀鰭: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Dark margin on spiny dorsal fin and dark saddle on caudal peduncle that extends below lateral line (Ref. 26938); juveniles with pale yellow caudal and pectoral fins; black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle reaching below lateral line; depth of body contained 2.4-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; convex interorbital area, width less than or subequal to eye diameter; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostrils 2-5 times larger than anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Adults occur well offshore on rocky bottoms. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the U.S (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans (Ref. 5222). Valuable commercial food fish (Ref. 26938).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

The size (76.7-109 cm) and age (8-29 yr) of 97 male specimens and the capture of two specimens undergoing sex change provided conclusive evidence that snowy grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites (Ref. 45886).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  攻撃されやすい (VU) (A2bd+4bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless




Human uses

水産業: 商業
FAO(水産業: 代謝; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.8 - 23.7, mean 19.5 (based on 93 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01218 - 0.02063), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.58 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.07-0.09; tmax=27).
Prior r = 0.17, 95% CL = 0.11 - 0.25, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.